How to format your references using the Ear and Hearing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ear and Hearing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lichten, M. (2015). Molecular biology. Putting the breaks on meiosis. Science, 350, 913.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dufour, S.C., Felbeck, H. (2003). Sulphide mining by the superextensile foot of symbiotic thyasirid bivalves. Nature, 426, 65–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hess, K.L., Corda, C.J., Lanese, K.M. (2011). SPORE series winner. Science Buddies: advancing informal science education. Science, 332, 550–551.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Scanlon, T.M., Caylor, K.K., Levin, S.A., et al. (2007). Positive feedbacks promote power-law clustering of Kalahari vegetation. Nature, 449, 209–212.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lane, C. (2011). Magnolia, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Thompson, W.M.O. ed. (2011). The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants: Bemisia tabaci, Host Plants and Geminiviruses, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Richards, H. (2013). Influence and Incentives in Financial Institution Supervision. In A. J. Kellermann, J. de Haan, & F. de Vries, eds. Financial Supervision in the 21st Century. (pp. 73–102). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ear and Hearing.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016). 5 Things That Make You Attractive To Mosquitoes. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/5-things-that-make-you-attractive-to-mosquitoes/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988). Guaranteed Student Loans: Potential Default and Cost Reduction Options, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aguilar, M. (2010). Latina single mothers: Perspectives on parenting. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2000). Romance Does Not Stop Even After the Race Begins. New York Times, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lichten 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Lichten 2015; Dufour & Felbeck 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dufour & Felbeck 2003)
Three or more authors: (Scanlon et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ear and Hearing
Abbreviation	Ear Hear.
ISSN (print)	0196-0202
ISSN (online)	1538-4667
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Speech and Hearing