How to format your references using the Ear and Hearing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ear and Hearing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reinitz, J. (2012). Turing centenary: Pattern formation. Nature, 482, 464.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trottier, Y., Mandel, J.L. (2001). Biomedicine. Huntingtin--profit and loss. Science, 293, 445–446.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mehlmann, L.M., Jones, T.L.Z., Jaffe, L.A. (2002). Meiotic arrest in the mouse follicle maintained by a Gs protein in the oocyte. Science, 297, 1343–1345.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lin, S.-C., Hsu, M.-Y., Kuan, C.-M., et al. (2014). Cotton-based diagnostic devices. Sci. Rep., 4, 6976.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Janke, S.J., Tinsley, F.C. (2005). Introduction to Linear Models and Statistical Inference, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abolmaesumi, P., Joskowicz, L., Navab, N., et al. eds. (2012). Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions: Third International Conference, IPCAI 2012, Pisa, Italy, June 27, 2012. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Geller, W., Schultze, M. (2013). Remediation and Management of Acidified Pit Lakes and Outflowing Waters. In W. Geller, M. Schultze, R. Kleinmann, et al., eds. Acidic Pit Lakes: The Legacy of Coal and Metal Surface Mines. Environmental Science and Engineering. (pp. 225–264). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ear and Hearing.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016). Deep Sea Squid Uses Optical Fibers To Create An Invisibility Cloak. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deep-sea-squid-uses-optical-fibers-to-create-an-invisibility-cloak/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993). Trucking Transportation: Information on Handling of Undercharge Claims, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Buckingham, T. (2012). Every teacher an English teacher? Literacy strategy teaching and research in the content area of science education. Doctoral dissertation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1992). THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Political Memo; A Contest of 2 Generations, Molded by 2 Different Wars. New York Times, 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reinitz 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Reinitz 2012; Trottier & Mandel 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Trottier & Mandel 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lin et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ear and Hearing
Abbreviation	Ear Hear.
ISSN (print)	0196-0202
ISSN (online)	1538-4667
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Speech and Hearing