How to format your references using the Dysphagia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dysphagia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nebel CE. Chemistry. Surface-conducting diamond. Science. 2007;318:1391–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hauert C, Doebeli M. Spatial structure often inhibits the evolution of cooperation in the snowdrift game. Nature. 2004;428:643–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Leitch DB, Sarko DK, Catania KC. Brain mass and cranial nerve size in shrews and moles. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6241.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fu W, Li X-H, Bao H-L, Wang K-X, Wei X, Cai Y-Y, et al. Synergistic effect of Brønsted acid and platinum on purification of automobile exhaust gases. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2349.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Graham L. Complying with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Mozayani A, Noziglia C, editors. The Forensic Laboratory Handbook Procedures and Practice. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tayeh AAO, Signer B. A Dynamically Extensible Open Cross-Document Link Service. In: Wang J, Cellary W, Wang D, Wang H, Chen S-C, Li T, et al., editors. Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2015: 16th International Conference, Miami, FL, USA, November 1-3, 2015, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 61–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dysphagia.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Ethiopia Now Has A Space Program. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Airlines Should Check Pilot Applicants’ Safety History. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Jun. Report No.: RCED-88-154.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shina YE. Youth under the care of the child welfare and juvenile justice systems: A grant proposal for crossover youth [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly C. Men Who Know What to Do With Sparkly Eye Shadow. New York Times. 2017 Mar 22;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dysphagia
Abbreviation	Dysphagia
ISSN (print)	0179-051X
ISSN (online)	1432-0460
Scope	Gastroenterology Otorhinolaryngology Speech and Hearing