How to format your references using the Dysphagia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dysphagia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pandit MK. The Himalayas must be protected. Nature. 2013;501:283.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Choi YJ, Lee SY. Microbial production of short-chain alkanes. Nature. 2013;502:571–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. McNamara JM, Barta Z, Houston AI. Variation in behaviour promotes cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. Nature. 2004;428:745–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Qi HH, Sarkissian M, Hu G-Q, Wang Z, Bhattacharjee A, Gordon DB, et al. Histone H4K20/H3K9 demethylase PHF8 regulates zebrafish brain and craniofacial development. Nature. 2010;466:503–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Neuber A, Nuttall T. Diagnostic Techniques in Veterinary Dermatology. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Mächtle W. Analytical Ultracentrifugation of Polymers and Nanoparticles. Börger L, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Flacks R, Thomas SL. ‘Outsiders’, Student Subcultures, and the Massification of Higher Education. In: Smart JC, editor. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 181–218.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dysphagia.

Blog post

1. Hale T. This Is What Happens To Society When You Educate Women [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-benefits-of-gender-equality-go-further-than-you-might-think/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Geostationary Weather Satellites: Design Progress Made, but Schedule Uncertainty Needs to be Addressed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Jun. Report No.: GAO-12-576.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Patrick NS. Employees’ Perceptions of Employers’ Response After Workplace Injury [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. A Guide to Writing Guides. New York Times. 2017 May 19;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dysphagia
Abbreviation	Dysphagia
ISSN (print)	0179-051X
ISSN (online)	1432-0460
Scope	Gastroenterology Otorhinolaryngology Speech and Hearing