How to format your references using the Drugs - Real World Outcomes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drugs - Real World Outcomes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. McKinney JD. Technology: Photonics illuminates the future of radar. Nature. 2014;507:310–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chander R, Mervis J. The bottom line for U.S. life scientists. Science. 2001;294:395.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lee JLC, Everitt BJ, Thomas KL. Independent cellular processes for hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Science. 2004;304:839–43.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lan F, Collins RE, De Cegli R, Alpatov R, Horton JR, Shi X, et al. Recognition of unmethylated histone H3 lysine 4 links BHC80 to LSD1-mediated gene repression. Nature. 2007;448:718–22.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ni Z, Pacoret C, Benosman R, Régnier S. Haptic Feedback Teleoperation of Optical Tweezers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Kroening D. Decision Procedures: An Algorithmic Point of View. Strichman O, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Borello G. How to Obtain Credit from Alternative Funding Agents. In: Bottiglia R, Pichler F, editors. Crowdfunding for SMEs: A European Perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 93–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drugs - Real World Outcomes.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. What The Hell Is Going On In This Lake? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/little-whirlpool-could/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Federal Enforcement Has Generally Increased, but Assessing Performance Could Strengthen Law Enforcement Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Mar. Report No.: GAO-08-157.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rogers S. Teacher Induction Programs: How Key Components Influence Teacher Retention Rates in Rural School Districts [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. St. John Kelly E. NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: MARINE PARK -- UPDATE ; Mariners Are Still Riding High. New York Times. 1997 Oct 19;1410.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drugs - Real World Outcomes
Abbreviation	Drugs Real World Outcomes
ISSN (print)	2199-1154
ISSN (online)	2198-9788
Scope