How to format your references using the Drugs - Real World Outcomes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drugs - Real World Outcomes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Korte M. Neuroscience. A protoplasmic kiss to remember. Science. 2008;319:1627–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cheng G, Zheng S-Y. Construction of a high-performance magnetic enzyme nanosystem for rapid tryptic digestion. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6947.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Uz BM, Yoder JA, Osychny V. Pumping of nutrients to ocean surface waters by the action of propagating planetary waves. Nature. 2001;409:597–600.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mark DF, Parnell J, Kelley SP, Lee M, Sherlock SC, Carr A. Dating of multistage fluid flow in sandstones. Science. 2005;309:2048–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Roeder T. Managing Project Stakeholders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Duncan SFM. Therapy of the Hand and Upper Extremity: Rehabilitation Protocols. Flowers CW, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Trigo RM. The Impacts of the NAO on Hydrological Resources of the Western Mediterranean. In: Vicente-Serrano SM, Trigo RM, editors. Hydrological, Socioeconomic and Ecological Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Mediterranean Region. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 41–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drugs - Real World Outcomes.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. What Happens When Lava Meets Ice? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-happens-when-lava-meets-ice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Government Computer Acquisition Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Sep. Report No.: B-115369.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Watkins D. The common factors between coaching cultures and transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and high-performance organizational cultures [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Cooperation, Of Sorts, From Georgia. New York Times. 2002 Sep 7;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drugs - Real World Outcomes
Abbreviation	Drugs Real World Outcomes
ISSN (print)	2199-1154
ISSN (online)	2198-9788
Scope