How to format your references using the Drugs - Real World Outcomes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drugs - Real World Outcomes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dickson JAD. Fossil echinoderms as monitor of the Mg/Ca ratio of Phanerozoic oceans. Science. 2002;298:1222–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Trumbore SE, Czimczik CI. Geology. An uncertain future for soil carbon. Science. 2008;321:1455–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li de la Sierra-Gallay I, Pellegrini O, Condon C. Structural basis for substrate binding, cleavage and allostery in the tRNA maturase RNase Z. Nature. 2005;433:657–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Du Y, Xin L, Shi Y, Zhang T-H, Wu NC, Dai L, et al. Genome-wide identification of interferon-sensitive mutations enables influenza vaccine design. Science. 2018;359:290–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Manasreh O. Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Martí-Oliet N, Ölveczky PC, Talcott C, editors. Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency: Essays Dedicated to José Meseguer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Noe MH, Fairley JA. Bullous Pemphigoid. In: Sami N, editor. Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Approach and Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 57–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drugs - Real World Outcomes.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Direct Genetic Link Found Between Indigenous East Asian Group And Stone Age Ancestors. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Proprietary Schools: Improved Department of Education Oversight Needed to Help Ensure Only Eligible Students Receive Federal Student Aid. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-127T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mishne J. An investigation of the relationships between technology use and teachers’ self-efficacy, knowledge and experience [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Puerto Rico Asks for Help, With Creditors in Pursuit. New York Times. 2016 Jan 9;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drugs - Real World Outcomes
Abbreviation	Drugs Real World Outcomes
ISSN (print)	2199-1154
ISSN (online)	2198-9788
Scope