How to format your references using the Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Stan R. The borders I crossed. Science 2014;345:1650.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Angelo G, Van Gilst MR. Starvation protects germline stem cells and extends reproductive longevity in C. elegans. Science 2009;326:954–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lupp C, Skipper M, Weiss U. Gut microbes and health. Nature 2012;489:219.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ohno H, Chiba D, Matsukura F, Omiya T, Abe E, Dietl T, et al. Electric-field control of ferromagnetism. Nature 2000;408:944–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

You H, Jianjuan X, Xin G. Radar Data Processing with Applications. Singapore: John Wiley &;#38; Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Peleg B. Strategic Social Choice: Stable Representations of Constitutions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sweeney JD. Transcutaneous Muscle Stimulation. In: Ho JD, Kroll MW, editors. TASER® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009, p. 51–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti C. Hundreds of Nuclear Test Clips Have Been Declassified, And The Footage Is Both Awe-Inspiring And Terrifying. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/hundreds-of-nuclear-test-clips-have-been-declassified-and-the-footage-both-aweinspiring-and-terrifying/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Student Financial Aid: Characteristics of Jobs Provided Through the College Work-Study Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Anyaoha AL. Surgical time-out: A nursing team training approach. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Johnson G. After 1.7 Million Years, a Bone Cancer Diagnosis. New York Times 2016:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms
Abbreviation	Drug Discov. Today Dis. Mech.
ISSN (print)	1740-6765
Scope	Molecular Medicine Drug Discovery

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