How to format your references using the Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Jewkes R. HIV/AIDS. Gender inequities must be addressed in HIV prevention. Science 2010;329:145–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Henriksen-Lacey M, Giner-Casares JJ. Nice to know you. Science 2015;349:1254.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Golding NL, Staff NP, Spruston N. Dendritic spikes as a mechanism for cooperative long-term potentiation. Nature 2002;418:326–31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Fleischer JW, Segev M, Efremidis NK, Christodoulides DN. Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices. Nature 2003;422:147–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Santamarina JC, Fratta D. Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Ježek D, editor. Atlas on the Human Testis: Normal Morphology and Pathology. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fernández-Caballero A, Sokolova MV. Computational Agents in Complex Decision Support Systems. In: Jain LC, Lim CP, editors. Handbook on Decision Making: Vol 1: Techniques and Applications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 117–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Asteroids Might Camouflage Themselves With Material From Elsewhere. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/asteroids-might-camouflage-themselves-with-material-from-elsewhere/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Agriculture Needs to Strengthen Management Practices for Stabilizing and Modernizing Its Farm Program Delivery Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mahler EB. Defining career success in the 21st century: A narrative study of intentional work role transitions. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kenigsberg B. Review: ‘Keeping Up With the Joneses’ Might Not Be Worth It. New York Times 2016:C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms
Abbreviation	Drug Discov. Today Dis. Mech.
ISSN (print)	1740-6765
Scope	Molecular Medicine Drug Discovery