How to format your references using the Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lupascu A. Quantum physics: The path most travelled. Nature 2014;511:538–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Fazleabas AT, Kim JJ. Development. What makes an embryo stick? Science 2003;299:355–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Benton MJ, Wills MA, Hitchin R. Quality of the fossil record through time. Nature 2000;403:534–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Lantz MA, Hug HJ, Hoffmann R, van Schendel PJ, Kappenberger P, Martin S, et al. Quantitative measurement of short-range chemical bonding forces. Science 2001;291:2580–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Tschirhart M, Bielefeld W. Managing Nonprofit Organizations. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Cabestany J, Sandoval F, Prieto A, Corchado JM, editors. Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence: 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings, Part I. vol. 5517. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zhao L, Bahaa F, Wilkins M. Tetrahydrobiopterin And Pulmonary Hypertension. In: Aldashev A, Naeije R, editors. Problems of High Altitude Medicine and Biology, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007, p. 69–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Facial Recognition Tells Lemurs Apart. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/facial-recognition-tells-lemurs-apart/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Aid: Expanding Eligibility for Less Than Halftime Students Could Increase Program Costs, But Benefits Uncertain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Reyes J. Connections: A grant proposal for mothers struggling with substance abuse in the child welfare system. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Tackett M. Virginia Election May Hinge on Immigrants. Will They Vote? New York Times 2017:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms
Abbreviation	Drug Discov. Today Dis. Mech.
ISSN (print)	1740-6765
Scope	Molecular Medicine Drug Discovery