How to format your references using the Diversity and Distributions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diversity and Distributions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kim, S. K. (2007). Cell biology. Proteins that promote long life. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5838), 603–604.

A journal article with 2 authors

Errington, J. R., & Debenedetti, P. G. (2001). Relationship between structural order and the anomalies of liquid water. Nature, 409(6818), 318–321.

A journal article with 3 authors

McKnight, S., Beyer, A., & Gall, J. (2012). Retrospective. Oscar Miller (1925-2012). Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6075), 1457.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Mundil, R., Ludwig, K. R., Metcalfe, I., & Renne, P. R. (2004). Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5691), 1760–1763.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bauer, E., Adams, R., & Eustace, D. (2011). Beyond Redundancy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Li, Y., & Kaiser, G. (Eds.). (2011). Expertise in Mathematics Instruction: An International Perspective. Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Qiao, J., & Liu, J. (2006). A SVM-Based Blur Identification Algorithm for Image Restoration and Resolution Enhancement. In B. Gabrys, R. J. Howlett, & L. C. Jain (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 10th International Conference, KES 2006, Bournemouth, UK, October 9-11, 2006. Proceedings, Part II (pp. 28–35). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diversity and Distributions.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, February 2). Dragonfish Have A Really Freaky Way Of Opening Their Jaws. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dragonfish-freaky-opening-jaws/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). U.S. Preparations for an International Conference on Broadcast Satellites (RCED-83-121). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delcambre, M. L. (2014). Finite Difference Schemes for a Structured Model of Mycobacterium marinum [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2009, May 24). Tasting Every Calorie. New York Times, NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kim, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Errington & Debenedetti, 2001; Kim, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Errington & Debenedetti, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Mundil et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Diversity and Distributions
Abbreviation	Divers. Distrib.
ISSN (print)	1366-9516
ISSN (online)	1472-4642
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics