How to format your references using the Diversity and Distributions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diversity and Distributions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Allen, P. A. (2008). From landscapes into geological history. Nature, 451(7176), 274–276.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson, W. G., & Goldstein, S. L. (2005). Open-system coral ages reveal persistent suborbital sea-level cycles. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5720), 401–404.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hinks, D. G., Claus, H., & Jorgensen, J. D. (2001). The complex nature of superconductivity in MgB2 as revealed by the reduced total isotope effect. Nature, 411(6836), 457–460.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Caccia, M., Tabandeh-Khorshid, M., Itskos, G., Strayer, A. R., Caldwell, A. S., Pidaparti, S., Singnisai, S., Rohskopf, A. D., Schroeder, A. M., Jarrahbashi, D., Kang, T., Sahoo, S., Kadasala, N. R., Marquez-Rossy, A., Anderson, M. H., Lara-Curzio, E., Ranjan, D., Henry, A., & Sandhage, K. H. (2018). Ceramic-metal composites for heat exchangers in concentrated solar power plants. Nature, 562(7727), 406–409.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pardoux, É. (2008). Markov Processes and Applications: Algorithms, Networks, Genome and Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Streffer, C. (2012). Radioactive Waste: Technical and Normative Aspects of its Disposal (C. F. Gethmann, G. Kamp, W. Kröger, E. Rehbinder, O. Renn, & K.-J. Röhlig, Eds.; Vol. 38). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Craig, W. (2008). Transformation theory of Hamiltonian PDE and the problem of water waves. In W. Craig (Ed.), Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems and Applications (pp. 67–83). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diversity and Distributions.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, August 31). This iPad Game Could Help Diagnose Kids With Autisim. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/this-ipad-game-could-help-diagnose-kids-with-autisim/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Railroad Regulation: Competitive Access and Its Effects on Selected Railroads and Shippers (RCED-87-109). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Culumber, J. J. (2017). Physician Practice Survival: The Role of Analytics in Shaping the Future [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, June 12). On the Streets of New York, Cheers for the World. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Allen, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Allen, 2008; Thompson & Goldstein, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thompson & Goldstein, 2005)
Three authors: (Hinks et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Caccia et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Diversity and Distributions
Abbreviation	Divers. Distrib.
ISSN (print)	1366-9516
ISSN (online)	1472-4642
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics