How to format your references using the Distributed Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Distributed Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schilling, G.: PLANETARY SCIENCE: Imaging Spat Pits Amateur Against Pros. Science. 288, 2110–2111 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Menon, A.K., Levine, T.P.: Cell biology: Countercurrents in lipid flow. Nature. 525, 191–192 (2015)

A journal article with 3 authors

Prospero, J.M., Bullard, J.E., Hodgkins, R.: High-latitude dust over the North Atlantic: inputs from Icelandic proglacial dust storms. Science. 335, 1078–1082 (2012)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, Q.M., Li, H., Poh, M., Xia, F., Cheng, Z.-Y., Xu, H., Huang, C.: An all-organic composite actuator material with a high dielectric constant. Nature. 419, 284–287 (2002)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allan, D., Bragg, N.: 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2012)

An edited book

Srinivasulu, C.: South Asian Mammals: Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status. Springer, New York, NY (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Gao, Y., Zhang, N., Ma, X.: An Outcome Space Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for a Class of Linear Multiplicative Programming Problems. In: Gao, D., Ruan, N., and Xing, W. (eds.) Advances in Global Optimization. pp. 41–50. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Distributed Computing.

Blog post

Carpineti, A.: Scientists Have Managed To Probe The Icy Interior Of Ceres, https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-have-managed-to-probe-the-icy-interior-of-ceres/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Vocational Education: 2-Year Colleges Improve Programs, Maintain Access for Special Populations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1995)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarthy, B.A.: Mentoring’s critical components: Four traditional teachers’, four alternate -route teachers’, and four mentors’ perspectives, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K.: Beachfront Cafe, (2007)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Distributed Computing
Abbreviation	Distrib. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0178-2770
ISSN (online)	1432-0452
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Theoretical Computer Science