How to format your references using the Distributed and Parallel Databases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Distributed and Parallel Databases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, V.: Epigenetics: Reading the second genomic code. Nature. 491, 143–147 (2012)

A journal article with 2 authors

Glazman, L.I., Ashoori, R.C.: Physics. Coupling qubits by waves on the electron sea. Science. 304, 524–525 (2004)

A journal article with 3 authors

Saikia, A., Frost, D.J., Rubie, D.C.: Splitting of the 520-kilometer seismic discontinuity and chemical heterogeneity in the mantle. Science. 319, 1515–1518 (2008)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, J., Li, X., Zhai, H.-J., Wang, L.-S.: Au20: a tetrahedral cluster. Science. 299, 864–867 (2003)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Evans, A.J.: Markets for Managers. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2014)

An edited book

Bissonette, J.A., Storch, I. eds: Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology: Wildlife Responses to Variable Resources. Springer US, Boston, MA (2007)

A chapter in an edited book

Akesson, B., Goossens, K.: Predictable SDRAM Back-End. In: Goossens, K. (ed.) Memory Controllers for Real-Time Embedded Systems: Predictable and Composable Real-Time Systems. pp. 63–103. Springer, New York, NY (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Distributed and Parallel Databases.

Blog post

Hale, T.: The Hilarious Winners Of The Comedy Wildlife Photo Awards 2016, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-hilarious-winners-of-the-comedy-wildlife-photo-awards-2016/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Digests of Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. I. No. 1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marcheschi, R.L.: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding individuals with epilepsy by marriage and family therapists and social workers, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K.: Local, Fresh and in Season, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Distributed and Parallel Databases
Abbreviation	Distrib. Parallel Databases
ISSN (print)	0926-8782
ISSN (online)	1573-7578
Scope	Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software Information Systems and Management