How to format your references using the Digital Journalism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Journalism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Borniger, Jeremy C. 2015. “Leaping into the Unknown.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 350 (6262): 882.

A journal article with 2 authors

Azam, Farooq, and Alexandra Z. Worden. 2004. “Oceanography. Microbes, Molecules, and Marine Ecosystems.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5664): 1622–1624.

A journal article with 3 authors

Turner, S., P. Evans, and C. Hawkesworth. 2001. “Ultrafast Source-to-Surface Movement of Melt at Island Arcs from 226Ra-230Th Systematics.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5520): 1363–1366.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen, Q., N. Ghilardi, H. Wang, T. Baker, M. H. Xie, A. Gurney, I. S. Grewal, and F. J. de Sauvage. 2000. “Development of Th1-Type Immune Responses Requires the Type I Cytokine Receptor TCCR.” Nature 407 (6806): 916–920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bottomley, Gregory E. 2011. Channel Equalization for Wireless Communications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Doran, Bruce J. 2012. Putting Fear of Crime on the Map: Investigating Perceptions of Crime Using Geographic Information Systems. Edited by Melissa B. Burgess. Springer Series on Evidence-Based Crime Policy. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Heck, Richard G. 2007. “Finitude and Hume’s Principle.” In The Arché Papers on the Mathematics of Abstraction, edited by Roy T. Cook, 61–84. The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Journalism.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “What It’s Like Inside The Doomsday Vault That Stores Every Known Crop On The Planet.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-its-like-inside-the-doomsday-vault-that-stores-every-known-crop-on-the-planet/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. K-12 Education: Internal Controls for Program Management and Oversight Can Help Ensure the Success of School Choice Programs. GAO-16-212T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Naik, Meghana. 2017. “Automating the Process of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2012. “Dead Heat Controversy Simply Will Not Die.” New York Times, July 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Borniger 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Borniger 2015; Azam and Worden 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Azam and Worden 2004)
Three authors: (Turner, Evans, and Hawkesworth 2001)
4 or more authors: (Chen et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Journalism
ISSN (print)	2167-0811
ISSN (online)	2167-082X
Scope