How to format your references using the Digital Journalism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Journalism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hare, Todd. 2014. “Neuroscience. Exploiting and Exploring the Options.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 344 (6191): 1446–1447.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackwell, S., and D. Rubie. 2000. “GEOPHYSICS: Earth Under Strain.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 290 (5496): 1514–1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle, Jean Dominique Meunier, and Claude Parron. 2005. “Another Continental Pool in the Terrestrial Silicon Cycle.” Nature 433 (7024): 399–402.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Vigneron, Nathalie, Vincent Stroobant, Jacques Chapiro, Annie Ooms, Gérard Degiovanni, Sandra Morel, Pierre van der Bruggen, Thierry Boon, and Benoît J. Van den Eynde. 2004. “An Antigenic Peptide Produced by Peptide Splicing in the Proteasome.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 304 (5670): 587–590.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Higman, B. W. 2011. How Food Made History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

D’hooghe, Matthias, and Hyun-Joon Ha, eds. 2016. Synthesis of 4- to 7-Membered Heterocycles by Ring Expansion: Aza-, Oxa- and Thiaheterocyclic Small-Ring Systems. 1st ed. 2016. Vol. 41. Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Hoops, Harold J., Ichiro Nishii, and David L. Kirk. 2006. “Cytoplasmic Bridges in Volvox and Its Relatives.” In Cell-Cell Channels, edited by Dieter Volkmann and Peter W. Barlow, 65–84. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Journalism.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Is There a Parallel Universe That’s Moving Backwards in Time?” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/there-parallel-universe-thats-moving-backwards-time/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1980. Space Industrialization Act of 1980. 112559. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Donihoo, Katie. 2017. “Best Practices and Strategies Used by Church Leaders to Mitigate and Prevent Burnout Among Church Volunteers.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines, Michael. 2017. “Wisconsin Law Deterred Voters, Study Finds.” New York Times, September 26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hare 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hare 2014; Mackwell and Rubie 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mackwell and Rubie 2000)
Three authors: (Basile-Doelsch, Meunier, and Parron 2005)
4 or more authors: (Vigneron et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Journalism
ISSN (print)	2167-0811
ISSN (online)	2167-082X
Scope