How to format your references using the Diagnostics in Neuropsychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostics in Neuropsychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mandavilli A. India. Nature. 2005;436(7050):477.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sato M, Sievers AJ. Direct observation of the discrete character of intrinsic localized modes in an antiferromagnet. Nature. 2004;432(7016):486-488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nahm HH, Park CH, Kim YS. Bistability of hydrogen in ZnO: origin of doping limit and persistent photoconductivity. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4124.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zheng AY, Lawhorn JK, Lumley T, Freeman S. Assessment. Application of Bloom’s taxonomy debunks the “MCAT myth.” Science. 2008;319(5862):414-415.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sellars C. Risk Assessment in People with Learning Disabilities. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Cataldo F, Ros TD, eds. Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. Vol 1. Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

de Figueiredo DG, Gupta CP. On the Variational Method for the Existence of Solutions of Nonlinear Equations of Hammerstein Type. In: Costa DG, ed. Djairo G. de Figueiredo - Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing; 2013:35-41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostics in Neuropsychiatry.

Blog post

Hale T. Vets Remove 915 Coins From Inside Sea Turtle’s Stomach In Thailand. IFLScience. March 7, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vets-remove-915-coins-from-inside-sea-turtles-stomach-in-thailand/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Management and Operation of FCC’s Public Reference Rooms. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moshfegh N. The Multidimensional Wellbeing Assessment: Preliminary Validation in an Iranian Sample. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Hoping That Holiday Trees Will Change a Now Bleak View. New York Times. November 18, 2001:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Diagnostics in Neuropsychiatry
ISSN (print)	2405-8017
Scope