How to format your references using the Diabetologia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetologia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rust J (2000) Fossil record of mass moth migration. Nature 405:530–531

A journal article with 2 authors

Soundararajan V, Aravamudan M (2014) Global connectivity of hub residues in Oncoprotein structures encodes genetic factors dictating personalized drug response to targeted Cancer therapy. Sci Rep 4:7294

A journal article with 3 authors

Budday S, Raybaud C, Kuhl E (2014) A mechanical model predicts morphological abnormalities in the developing human brain. Sci Rep 4:5644

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jin F, Zeng X, Liu J, et al (2014) Highly efficient and autocatalytic H2₂ dissociation for CO₂ reduction into formic acid with zinc. Sci Rep 4:4503

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brauer RL (2005) Safety and Health for Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Proctor H, Brownlee P, Freebody P (2015) Controversies in Education: Orthodoxy and Heresy in Policy and Practice. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Spengel C, Zöllkau Y (2012) D. Results. In: Spengel C, Zöllkau Y (eds) Common Corporate Tax Base (CC(C)TB) and Determination of Taxable Income: An International Comparison. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 85–98

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetologia.

Blog post

Evans K (2017) The 20 Best High-Paying Jobs In America For 2017. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-20-best-high-paying-jobs-in-america-for-2017/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Digests of Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. II, No. 6. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gittens BE (2009) Perceptions of the applicability of transformational leadership behavior to the leader role of academic department chairs: A study of selected universities in Virginia. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kercher S (2017) At This Pawnshop, the Loan Is in the Bag. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetologia
Abbreviation	Diabetologia
ISSN (print)	0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine

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