How to format your references using the Diabetologia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetologia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Müller A (2003) Chemistry. The beauty of symmetry. Science 300(5620):749–750

A journal article with 2 authors

Lerner J, Tirole J (2014) Intellectual property. A better route to tech standards. Science 343(6174):972–973

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins SH, Wiggin MB, Sawicki GS (2015) Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature 522(7555):212–215

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kim K, Sato K, Shibuya M, et al (2009) Two chemoreceptors mediate developmental effects of dauer pheromone in C. elegans. Science 326(5955):994–998

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saghyan AS, Langer P (2016) Asymmetric Synthesis of Non&;#x02010;Proteinogenic Amino Acids. Wiley&;#x02010;VCH Verlag GmbH &;#38; Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Fortis M (2015) The Automatic Packaging Machinery Sector in Italy and Germany. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sherman CH, Butler JL (2007) Transducers as Hydrophones. In: Butler JL (ed) Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound. Springer, New York, NY, pp 152–212

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetologia.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) 3D “Semantic Atlas” Of The Brain Reveals How We All Give Meaning To Words. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/3d-semantic-atlas-brain-reveals-how-we-all-give-meaning-words/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Deaf Education: Costs and Student Characteristics at Federally Assisted Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grace-McCaskey CA (2012) Fishermen, Politics, and Participation: An Ethnographic Examination of Commercial Fisheries Management in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess B, Thomas L Jr (2016) Deutsche Bank to Settle U.S. Inquiry Into Mortgages for $7.2 Billion. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetologia
Abbreviation	Diabetologia
ISSN (print)	0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine