How to format your references using the Diabetologia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetologia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

zur Hausen H (2011) Science addict. Nature 478:S12

A journal article with 2 authors

Rubinoff D, Haines WP (2005) Web-spinning caterpillar stalks snails. Science 309:575

A journal article with 3 authors

Daniel S, Chaudhury MK, Chen JC (2001) Fast drop movements resulting from the phase change on a gradient surface. Science 291:633–636

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Weihofen A, Binns K, Lemberg MK, et al (2002) Identification of signal peptide peptidase, a presenilin-type aspartic protease. Science 296:2215–2218

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2003) Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Wong KW, Mendis BSU, Bouzerdoum A (2010) Neural Information Processing. Theory and Algorithms: 17th International Conference, ICONIP 2010, Sydney, Australia, November 22-25, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

O’brien K (2015) “Mis-Education.” In: Hartlep ND, Hensley BO (eds) Critical Storytelling in Uncritical Times: Stories Disclosed in a Cultural Foundations of Education Course. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 27–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetologia.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Tiny Sea Monkeys Drive Ocean Currents. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/sea-monkeys-and-friends-can-help-drive-ocean-currents/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972) Identification of NASA Research and Development Programs Subject to Benefit-Cost Analysis. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crosby AE (2012) A phenomenological heuristic study of psychosocial factors that contribute to African American females’ HIV seroconversion. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Severino and Sanchez Help Yankees Finish Emphatic Sweep of Mets. New York Times B9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetologia
Abbreviation	Diabetologia
ISSN (print)	0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine