How to format your references using the Developmental and Comparative Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Developmental and Comparative Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vukusic, P., 2009. Materials science. Evolutionary photonics with a twist. Science 325, 398–399.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boehr, D.D., Wright, P.E., 2008. Biochemistry. How do proteins interact? Science 320, 1429–1430.

A journal article with 3 authors

Villegas, C.E.P., Mendonça, P.B., Rocha, A.R., 2014. Optical spectrum of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons: towards efficient atom-thick excitonic solar cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 6579.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hampton, J., Sibert, J.R., Kleiber, P., Maunder, M.N., Harley, S.J., 2005. Fisheries: decline of Pacific tuna populations exaggerated? Nature 434, E1-2; discussion E2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang, S.-L., 2012. Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in Nanostructures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Kool, V.K., 2016. Psychology of Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Lin, Z., Bai, Z., 2011. Probability Inequalities of Random Variables, in: Bai, Z. (Ed.), Probability Inequalities. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Developmental and Comparative Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Russian Spacecraft Falling To Earth Poses No Danger – We Have Survived Bigger Objects [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service, and Safety at Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Communities (No. RCED-96-79). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson, E.A., 2012. Exploring the Barriers to Online-Business Profitability for Small Business (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J., 2017. Close Encounters of the Human Kind. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vukusic, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Boehr and Wright, 2008; Vukusic, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boehr and Wright, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hampton et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Developmental and Comparative Immunology
Abbreviation	Dev. Comp. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0145-305X
Scope	Developmental Biology Immunology