How to format your references using the Developmental and Comparative Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Developmental and Comparative Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rahmstorf, S., 2002. Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years. Nature 419, 207–214.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weiss, R., Bourgeois, J., 2012. Geology. Understanding sediments--reducing tsunami risk. Science 336, 1117–1118.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aziz, T., Stein, J., Yogeshwar, R., 2011. Animal testing: TV or not TV? Nature 470, 457–459.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zimmers, T.A., Davies, M.V., Koniaris, L.G., Haynes, P., Esquela, A.F., Tomkinson, K.N., McPherron, A.C., Wolfman, N.M., Lee, S.-J., 2002. Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin. Science 296, 1486–1488.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fleming, P., Lee, R., 2016. Orthodontic Functional Appliances. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Pardoux, E., 2014. Stochastic Differential Equations, Backward SDEs, Partial Differential Equations, Stochastic Modelling and Applied Probability. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Austin, J., Bentkover, J., Chait, L., 2016. Tools for Transformational Strategic Planning, in: Austin, J., Bentkover, J., Chait, L. (Eds.), Leading Strategic Change in an Era of Healthcare Transformation, Management for Professionals. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 47–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Developmental and Comparative Immunology.

Blog post

Bedell-Pearce, H., 2017. Company Wants To Tow Icebergs, And Seemingly Penguins And Polar Bears Along With Them [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/company-wants-to-tow-icebergs-and-seemingly-penguins-and-polar-bears-along-with-them/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Telecommunications: Follow-Up National Survey of Cable Television Rates and Services (No. RCED-90-199). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Polderman, M.C., 2006. Textile Factories and Subsistence Plots: Rural Women’s Livelihoods and Unique Transition Experiences in Bulgaria (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2006. Justices to Review Federal Ban On Disputed Abortion Method. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rahmstorf, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rahmstorf, 2002; Weiss and Bourgeois, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weiss and Bourgeois, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Zimmers et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Developmental and Comparative Immunology
Abbreviation	Dev. Comp. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0145-305X
Scope	Developmental Biology Immunology