How to format your references using the Designs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton, R. US Geological Survey Needs More Resources, Says Draft Report. Nature 2000, 407, 933.

A journal article with 2 authors

Horvitz, E.; Mulligan, D. Policy Forum. Data, Privacy, and the Greater Good. Science 2015, 349, 253–255.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, S.; Wong, P.; Coulombe, P.A. A Keratin Cytoskeletal Protein Regulates Protein Synthesis and Epithelial Cell Growth. Nature 2006, 441, 362–365.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Vilà, C.; Leonard, J.A.; Gotherstrom, A.; Marklund, S.; Sandberg, K.; Liden, K.; Wayne, R.K.; Ellegren, H. Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages. Science 2001, 291, 474–477.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anjum, B.; Perros, H. Bandwidth Allocation for Video Under Quality of Service Constraints; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2015; ISBN 9781119073178.

An edited book

Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR; Bliesemann de Guevara, B., Ed.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London, 2016; ISBN 9781137537515.

A chapter in an edited book

Damasio, A. The Neurobiological Grounding of Human Values. In Neurobiology of Human Values; Changeux, J.-P., Damasio, A.R., Singer, W., Christen, Y., Eds.; Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005; pp. 47–56 ISBN 9783540262534.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs.

Blog post

Andrew, D. After Our Universe’s Cosmic Dawn, What Happened To All Its Original Hydrogen? Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/after-our-universes-cosmic-dawn-what-happened-to-all-its-original-hydrogen/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office ADP Systems: Status of SSA’s Modernization Efforts; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1988;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farrell, D.P. Teachers’ Perceptions of How the Use of Peer Evaluation Could Improve Their Teaching Practice. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park: College Park, MD, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. Freshness City Dwellers Hunger For. New York Times 2008, NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs
ISSN (online)	2411-9660
Scope