How to format your references using the Designs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vicsek, T. A Question of Scale. Nature 2001, 411, 421.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ungar, P.S.; Sponheimer, M. The Diets of Early Hominins. Science 2011, 334, 190–193.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitcome, K.K.; Shapiro, L.J.; Lieberman, D.E. Fetal Load and the Evolution of Lumbar Lordosis in Bipedal Hominins. Nature 2007, 450, 1075–1078.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

van den Broeke, M.; Bamber, J.; Ettema, J.; Rignot, E.; Schrama, E.; van de Berg, W.J.; van Meijgaard, E.; Velicogna, I.; Wouters, B. Partitioning Recent Greenland Mass Loss. Science 2009, 326, 984–986.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sestina, J.E. Planning a Successful Future; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119070702.

An edited book

The TransForum Model: Transforming Agro Innovation Toward Sustainable Development; van Latesteijn, H., Andeweg, K., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2011; ISBN 9789048197804.

A chapter in an edited book

Boulkroune, A.; Bouzeriba, A.; Hamel, S. Projective Synchronization Scheme Based on Fuzzy Controller for Uncertain Multivariable Chaotic Systems. In Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design; Azar, A.T., Vaidyanathan, S., Eds.; Studies in Computational Intelligence; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp. 73–93 ISBN 9783319131313.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 23 Unusual Ways To Die In The US In One Handy Map Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/23-unusual-ways-die-us-one-handy-map/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Problems in the Federal Funding of School Bus Driver Training Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1977;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coleman, M.J. Surface Accuracy Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Deployable Large Aperture Elastic Antenna Reflectors. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kaag, J. Cosmic Explorer. New York Times 2017, BR13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs
ISSN (online)	2411-9660
Scope