How to format your references using the Designs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilkinson, L.S. Developmental Biology. Which Parental Gene Gets the Upper Hand? Science 2010, 329, 636–637.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ungar, P.S.; Sponheimer, M. The Diets of Early Hominins. Science 2011, 334, 190–193.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cheung, W.W.L.; Watson, R.; Pauly, D. Signature of Ocean Warming in Global Fisheries Catch. Nature 2013, 497, 365–368.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, M.S.; Kwon, Y.T.; Li, M.; Peng, J.; Friedlander, R.M.; Tsai, L.H. Neurotoxicity Induces Cleavage of P35 to P25 by Calpain. Nature 2000, 405, 360–364.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heitz, E.; Kreysa, G. Grundlagen Der Technischen Elektrochemie; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, FRG, 2005; ISBN 9783527602865.

An edited book

Chen, J.F. Optical Precursors: From Classical Waves to Single Photons; Jeong, H., Loy, M., Du, S., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Physics; Springer: Singapore, 2013; ISBN 9789814451932.

A chapter in an edited book

Remy, E.; Mossé, B.; Thieffry, D. Boolean Dynamics of Compound Regulatory Circuits. In Dynamics of Mathematical Models in Biology: Bringing Mathematics to Life; Rogato, A., Zazzu, V., Guarracino, M., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 43–53 ISBN 9783319457222.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Rocky Planets Can Form In Binary Systems Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rocky-planets-can-form-in-binary-systems/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Federal Research Grants: Opportunities Remain for Agencies to Streamline Administrative Requirements; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2016;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dang, H. The Cummulative Incidence Estimate versus the Kaplan Meier Method in Medical Research. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rohan, T. Before Hitting and Fielding, Young Mets Seek Edge by Running and Stretching. New York Times 2014, SP2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs
ISSN (online)	2411-9660
Scope