How to format your references using the Dermatology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dermatology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Powell K. Analyse this. Nature. 2004;431:880–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Harper GR Jr, Pfennig DW. Selection overrides gene flow to break down maladaptive mimicry. Nature. 2008;451:1103–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Whitmarsh RB, Manatschal G, Minshull TA. Evolution of magma-poor continental margins from rifting to seafloor spreading. Nature. 2001;413:150–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Letzner S, Patzke N, Verhaal J, Manns M. Shaping a lateralized brain: asymmetrical light experience modulates access to visual interhemispheric information in pigeons. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4253.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ruppel W. GAAP for Governments 2014. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Hagen H, Guhathakurta S, Steinebach G, editors. Visualizing Sustainable Planning. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hosking RJ, Dewar RL. Waves in Fluids. In: Dewar RL, editor. Fundamental Fluid Mechanics and Magnetohydrodynamics. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 113–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dermatology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. There Might Be A Huge Salty Ocean Beneath Pluto’s Heart [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-might-be-a-huge-salty-ocean-beneath-plutos-heart/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Observations on the National School Lunch Program’s Assessment, Improvement, and Monitoring System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983 Sep. Report No.: 124037.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Brandom BM. Spiritual and emotional needs of young adults who are members of mainstream Protestant churches [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gustines GG. Friendly Neighborhood Web-Slinger Exhibition. New York Times. 2017 Jun 29;C16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dermatology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb.)
ISSN (print)	2193-8210
ISSN (online)	2190-9172
Scope	Dermatology