How to format your references using the Democratization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Democratization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yang, Xiangzhong. “An Embryonic Nation.” Nature 428, no. 6979 (March 11, 2004): 210–12.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yosef, Ido, and Udi Qimron. “Microbiology: How Bacteria Get Spacers from Invaders.” Nature 519, no. 7542 (March 12, 2015): 166–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohn, Alain, Ernst Fehr, and Michel André Maréchal. “Business Culture and Dishonesty in the Banking Industry.” Nature 516, no. 7529 (December 4, 2014): 86–89.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Stone, E. C., A. C. Cummings, F. B. McDonald, B. C. Heikkila, N. Lal, and W. R. Webber. “Voyager 1 Explores the Termination Shock Region and the Heliosheath Beyond.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309, no. 5743 (September 23, 2005): 2017–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Law, Ho. The Psychology of Coaching, Mentoring and Learning. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

An edited book

Collins, Brigitte, and Elissa Bradshaw, eds. Bowel Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Professionals. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, Guangyi, Xin Wang, Xianhua Liu, and Qian Li. “Diversity and Biogeochemical Function of Planktonic Fungi in the Ocean.” In Biology of Marine Fungi, edited by Chandralata Raghukumar, 71–88. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Democratization.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. “‘Biohackers’ Insert LEDs Into Their Hands.” IFLScience. IFLScience, November 12, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/biohackers-insert-glowing-leds-their-hands/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Telecommunications Management: More Effort Needed by Interior and the Forest Service to Achieve Savings.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 8, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beahm, Austin Christopher. “The Political Ecology of Tourism Development in the Ecuadorian Amazon.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, John. “AMC Networks Takes Minority Stake in Funny or Die.” New York Times, November 15, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Democratization
ISSN (print)	1351-0347
ISSN (online)	1743-890X
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations