How to format your references using the Democratization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Democratization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wood, William B. “Science Education. Revising the AP Biology Curriculum.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325, no. 5948 (September 25, 2009): 1627–28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Di Franco, Carlo, and Mauro Paternostro. “A No-Go Result on the Purification of Quantum States.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1387.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thürmer, Konrad, Ellen Williams, and Janice Reutt-Robey. “Autocatalytic Oxidation of Lead Crystallite Surfaces.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297, no. 5589 (September 20, 2002): 2033–35.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Mehl, Matthias R., Simine Vazire, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Richard B. Slatcher, and James W. Pennebaker. “Are Women Really More Talkative than Men?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317, no. 5834 (July 6, 2007): 82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Norwitz, Errol R., Michael A. Belfort, George R. Saade, and Hugh Miller. Obstetric Clinical Algorithms: Management and Evidence. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

An edited book

Minai, Ali A., Dan Braha, and Yaneer Bar-Yam, eds. Unifying Themes in Complex Systems VII: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Complex Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Greene, Arin K. “Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema.” In Lymphedema: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment, edited by Arin K. Greene, Sumner A. Slavin, and Håkan Brorson, 33–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Democratization.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. “What Happens When Molten Aluminum Is Poured Into A Lava Lamp?” IFLScience. IFLScience, June 12, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/what-happens-when-melted-aluminum-poured-lava-lamp/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Answers to Independence Standard Questions (Superseded by GAO-12-331G) GAO-02-870G, July 2002.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1, 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Asare, Kwame Bediako. “Understanding the Transformational Leadership Practices of Colleges of Education Principals.” Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. “Battered but Persevering, Mets Reach the Threshold of the Postseason.” New York Times, October 1, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Democratization
ISSN (print)	1351-0347
ISSN (online)	1743-890X
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations