How to format your references using the Democratization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Democratization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Christofori, Gerhard. “New Signals from the Invasive Front.” Nature 441, no. 7092 (May 25, 2006): 444–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Morrison, Sean J., and David T. Scadden. “The Bone Marrow Niche for Haematopoietic Stem Cells.” Nature 505, no. 7483 (January 16, 2014): 327–34.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hinks, D. G., H. Claus, and J. D. Jorgensen. “The Complex Nature of Superconductivity in MgB2 as Revealed by the Reduced Total Isotope Effect.” Nature 411, no. 6836 (May 24, 2001): 457–60.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Demokritov, Sergej O., Alexander A. Serga, Vladislav E. Demidov, Burkard Hillebrands, Michail P. Kostylev, and Boris A. Kalinikos. “Experimental Observation of Symmetry-Breaking Nonlinear Modes in an Active Ring.” Nature 426, no. 6963 (November 13, 2003): 159–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biswas, Soumyajyoti, Purusattam Ray, and Bikas K. Chakrabarti. Statistical Physics of Fracture, Breakdown, and Earthquake. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.

An edited book

Bart, Florence, Céline Cau-di-Coumes, Fabien Frizon, and Sylvie Lorente, eds. Cement-Based Materials for Nuclear Waste Storage. New York, NY: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta, Ved Prakash, Prabha Mandayam, and V. S. Sunder. “Quantum Information Theory.” In The Functional Analysis of Quantum Information Theory: A Collection of Notes Based on Lectures by Gilles Pisier, K. R. Parthasarathy, Vern Paulsen and Andreas Winter, edited by Prabha Mandayam and V. S. Sunder, 93–134. Lecture Notes in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Democratization.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. “Saving Nemo: How Climate Change Threatens Anemonefish And Their Homes.” IFLScience. IFLScience, June 4, 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/saving-nemo-how-climate-change-threatens-anemonefish-and-their-homes/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Telecommunications: FCC’s Handling of Formal Complaints Filed Against Common Carriers.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 18, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Veru, Peter T. “The National-Dobro Guitar Company: How the Resonator Guitar Survived the Age of Electric Amplification.” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Photographs by GEORGE ETHEREDGE for THE NEW YORK TIMES. “Voyeur: Construction Portholes.” New York Times, April 28, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Democratization
ISSN (print)	1351-0347
ISSN (online)	1743-890X
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations