How to format your references using the Decisions in Economics and Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Decisions in Economics and Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klarreich, E.: Top researchers plan to snub fertility conference. Nature. 413, 241 (2001)

A journal article with 2 authors

Toth, L.J., Assad, J.A.: Dynamic coding of behaviourally relevant stimuli in parietal cortex. Nature. 415, 165–168 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Ohde, T., Yaginuma, T., Niimi, T.: Insect morphological diversification through the modification of wing serial homologs. Science. 340, 495–498 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Balsam, L.B., Wagers, A.J., Christensen, J.L., Kofidis, T., Weissman, I.L., Robbins, R.C.: Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium. Nature. 428, 668–673 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lieberman, N.P.: Troubleshooting Vacuum Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2012)

An edited book

Mavroudis, C., Backer, C.L. eds: Atlas of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. Springer, London (2015)

A chapter in an edited book

Rao, C., Darzi, A., Athanasiou, T.: An Introduction to Decision Analysis. In: Darzi, A. and Athanasiou, T. (eds.) Evidence Synthesis in Healthcare: A Practical Handbook for Clinicians. pp. 127–140. Springer, London (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Decisions in Economics and Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, D.: Decriminalise Use Of Medical Marijuana And Legalise Small-Scale Cultivation

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Bilingual Education: A Necessity That Has Not Been Satisfied. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1976)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pratt, P.R.: Analysis of the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the LENS^TM process for steels using the finite element method, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dargis, M.: Flying Gore Can Ruin One’s Bespoke Suits, (2015)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Klarreich 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Klarreich 2001; Toth and Assad 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Toth and Assad 2002)
Three or more authors: (Balsam et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Decisions in Economics and Finance
Abbreviation	Decis. Econ. Finance
ISSN (print)	1593-8883
ISSN (online)	1129-6569
Scope	General Economics, Econometrics and Finance Finance