How to format your references using the De Economist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for De Economist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. (2011). Oceans. Eddies masquerade as planetary waves. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6054), 318–319.

A journal article with 2 authors

Melville, W. K., & Matusov, P. (2002). Distribution of breaking waves at the ocean surface. Nature, 417(6884), 58–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weiss, K. M., Miguel-Sanchez, J., & Elzerman, J. M. (2013). Magnetically tunable singlet-triplet spin qubit in a four-electron InGaAs coupled quantum dot. Scientific reports, 3, 3121.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

How, G. T. S., Pandikumar, A., Ming, H. N., & Ngee, L. H. (2014). Highly exposed {001} facets of titanium dioxide modified with reduced graphene oxide for dopamine sensing. Scientific reports, 4, 5044.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goldstein, A. P. (2004). The Psychology of Group Aggression. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Dornfeld, D. A. (Ed.). (2013). Green Manufacturing: Fundamentals and Applications. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Becerra, H. M., & Sagüés, C. (2014). Conclusions. In C. Sagüés (Ed.), Visual Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots: Unifying Vision and Control in Generic Approaches (pp. 99–101). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for De Economist.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 19). Asthmatic Sea Otter Learns To Use An Inhaler. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/asthmatic-sea-otter-learns-use-inhaler/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). NASA Chief Information Officer: Opportunities to Strengthen Information Resources Management (No. AIMD-96-78). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Slaughter, R. A. (2017). Tradition and Progress: California Fire Technology Directors Beliefs and Values (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon, M. R., Schmitt, E., & Haberman, M. (2017, August 20). Trump Chooses A ‘Path Forward’ For Afghanistan. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McGillicuddy 2011).
This sentence cites two references (McGillicuddy 2011; Melville and Matusov 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Melville and Matusov 2002)
Three or more authors: (How et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	De Economist
Abbreviation	Economist (Leiden)
ISSN (print)	0013-063X
ISSN (online)	1572-9982
Scope	Economics and Econometrics