How to format your references using the De Economist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for De Economist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Al-Hashimi, H. M. (2010). Biochemistry. Exciting structures. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5997), 1295–1296.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zwierlein, M. W., & Ketterle, W. (2006). Comment on “Pairing and phase separation in a polarized Fermi gas.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5796), 54; author reply 54.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo, Z. X., Crompton, A. W., & Sun, A. L. (2001). A new mammaliaform from the early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5521), 1535–1540.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Thüring, T., Abis, M., Wang, Z., David, C., & Stampanoni, M. (2014). X-ray phase-contrast imaging at 100 keV on a conventional source. Scientific reports, 4, 5198.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonem, J. M. (2011). Problem Solving for Process Operators and Specialists. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Crowder, J. A. (2013). Systems Engineering Agile Design Methodologies. (S. Friess, Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fontani, M., Orna, M. V., & Costa, M. (2016). Chemists in the Period of the Institute for Higher Practical Studies and Specialization (1859–1924). In M. V. Orna & M. Costa (Eds.), Chemistry and Chemists in Florence: From the Last of the Medici Family to the European Magnetic Resonance Center (pp. 25–84). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for De Economist.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 7). Divers Explore The World’s Deepest Underwater Cave. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/divers-explore-the-worlds-deepest-underwater-cave/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). DOD Computer Contracting: Inadequate Management Wasted Millions of Dollars (No. IMTEC-93-31). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thompson, K. (2014). An Introduction to the Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Its Applications to Survival Analysis (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S. (2014, November 9). Personal Ways of Untangling the Political. New York Times, p. WE10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Al-Hashimi 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Al-Hashimi 2010; Zwierlein and Ketterle 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zwierlein and Ketterle 2006)
Three or more authors: (Thüring et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	De Economist
Abbreviation	Economist (Leiden)
ISSN (print)	0013-063X
ISSN (online)	1572-9982
Scope	Economics and Econometrics