How to format your references using the De Economist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for De Economist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rainey, P. B. (2007). Unity from conflict. Nature, 446(7136), 616.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boles, L. C., & Lohmann, K. J. (2003). True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters. Nature, 421(6918), 60–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wichterle, H., Gifford, D., & Mazzoni, E. (2013). Neuroscience. Mapping neuronal diversity one cell at a time. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6147), 726–727.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bräuer, S. L., Cadillo-Quiroz, H., Yashiro, E., Yavitt, J. B., & Zinder, S. H. (2006). Isolation of a novel acidiphilic methanogen from an acidic peat bog. Nature, 442(7099), 192–194.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bisen, P. S., & Raghuvanshi, R. (2013). Emerging Epidemics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Christakos, G. (2005). Interdisciplinary Public Health Reasoning and Epidemic Modelling: The Case of Black Death. (R. A. Olea, M. L. Serre, H.-L. Yu, & L.-L. Wang, Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Thomas, L. (2016). Data as Constant Becomings. In A. B. Reinertsen (Ed.), Becoming Earth: A Post Human Turn in Educational Discourse Collapsing Nature/Culture Divides (pp. 41–51). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for De Economist.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, June 26). Ten Weird And Terrifying Medical Instruments From The Past. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/ten-weird-and-terrifying-medical-instruments-past/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program: Actions Needed to Address Weaknesses in Administration and Oversight (No. GAO-13-805). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tiedemann-Fuller, P. M. (2008). A descriptive Rorschach study of children who have experienced chronic complex abuse (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. (2017, January 16). Dance Moves Only for Males. New York Times, p. D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rainey 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Boles and Lohmann 2003; Rainey 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boles and Lohmann 2003)
Three or more authors: (Bräuer et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	De Economist
Abbreviation	Economist (Leiden)
ISSN (print)	0013-063X
ISSN (online)	1572-9982
Scope	Economics and Econometrics