How to format your references using the Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Wakeham B. UK physics gets a health check. Nature. 2008;455:592.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bartek J, Hodny Z. Ageing: Old blood stem cells feel the stress. Nature. 2014;512:140–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Fine PVA, Mesones I, Coley PD. Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonian forests. Science. 2004;305:663–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Dubrovinsky L, Annersten H, Dubrovinskaia N, Westman F, Harryson H, Fabrichnaya O, et al. Chemical interaction of Fe and Al(2)O3 as a source of heterogeneity at the Earth’s core-mantle boundary. Nature. 2001;412:527–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hobkirk JA, Gill DS, Jones SP, Hemmings KW, Bassi GS, O’Donnell AL, et al. Hypodontia. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Ghetta V, Gorse D, Mazière D, Pontikis V, editors. Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems: Status, Open Questions and Challenges. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Franke T, Hoppe RHW, Linsenmann C, Wixforth A. Projection Based Model Reduction for Optimal Design of the Time-dependent Stokes System. In: Leugering G, Engell S, Griewank A, Hinze M, Rannacher R, Schulz V, et al., editors. Constrained Optimization and Optimal Control for Partial Differential Equations. Basel: Springer; 2012. p. 75–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Google Releases Stunning Underwater Street View For World Oceans Day. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. SBA Loan Monitoring System: Substantial Progress Yet Key Risks and Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Apr. Report No.: AIMD-00-124.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bavkar IN. In-Node Vehicle Classification and Identification [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Robertson C, Walsh MW. Debt Crisis? Bankruptcy Fears? See Jefferson County, Ala. New York Times. 2011 Jul 30;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1092-8472
ISSN (online)	1534-309X
Scope	Gastroenterology