How to format your references using the Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Shifting the balance. Nature. 2004;427:375.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Demirdöven N, Deutch J. Hybrid cars now, fuel cell cars later. Science. 2004;305:974–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nelson WA, McCauley E, Wrona FJ. Stage-structured cycles promote genetic diversity in a predator-prey system of Daphnia and algae. Nature. 2005;433:413–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Galperin M, Ratner MA, Nitzan A, Troisi A. Nuclear coupling and polarization in molecular transport junctions: beyond tunneling to function. Science. 2008;319:1056–60.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Martinelli RJ, Milosevic DZ. Project Management ToolBox. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. MacEntee K, Burkholder C, Schwab-Cartas J, editors. What’s a Cellphilm?: Integrating Mobile Phone Technology into Participatory Visual Research and Activism. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lin S, Huang Z. Comparative Design and Analyses of High-Rise Buildings. In: Huang Z, editor. Comparative Design of Structures: Concepts and Methodologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. p. 201–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. LEGO Approves Production of Female Scientist Set [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/lego-approves-production-female-scientist-set/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Multiyear Authorizations for Research and Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Jun. Report No.: PAD-81-61.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Satterlee RT. A case study of undergraduate student employment at a private university: Exploring the effects of social class and institutional context [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Coachella Classic. New York Times. 2016 Sep 28;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1092-8472
ISSN (online)	1534-309X
Scope	Gastroenterology