How to format your references using the Current Pain and Headache Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Pain and Headache Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Adami C. Computer science. What do robots dream of? Science. 2006;314:1093–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Zhang M, Schekman R. Cell biology. Unconventional secretion, unconventional solutions. Science. 2013;340:559–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bao S, Chan VT, Merzenich MM. Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Nature. 2001;412:79–83.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nagpal P, Lindquist NC, Oh S-H, Norris DJ. Ultrasmooth patterned metals for plasmonics and metamaterials. Science. 2009;325:594–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pan CT, Hwang YM, Lin L, Chen Y-C. Design and Fabrication of Self-Powered Micro-Harvesters. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Hancock ER, Wilson RC, Windeatt T, Ulusoy I, Escolano F, editors. Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition: Joint IAPR International Workshop, SSPR&SPR 2010, Cesme, Izmir, Turkey, August 18-20, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sucaet Y, Waelput W. Use Cases. In: Waelput W, editor. Digital Pathology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 57–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Pain and Headache Reports.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Rosetta Maps Gas On Comet 67P For First Time. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Surface Infrastructure: High-Speed Rail Projects in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jan. Report No.: RCED-99-44.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Randolph JL. A Mixed-Methods Investigation of FMS Shoulder Mobility and Reported Upper Body Injury in Collegiate Football Athletes at a Division II Midwestern University [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Grandpa Loved Horses, or How a Filly Got Her Name. New York Times. 2009 Nov 18;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Pain and Headache Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Pain Headache Rep.
ISSN (print)	1531-3433
ISSN (online)	1534-3081
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology

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