How to format your references using the Advances in Difference Equations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Difference Equations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chiang, T.-C.: Physics. Superconductivity in thin films. Science. 306, 1900–1901 (2004)

A journal article with 2 authors

Fang, J., McCutchan, T.F.: Thermoregulation in a parasite’s life cycle. Nature. 418, 742 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaina, N., Fink, M., Lerosey, G.: Composite media mixing Bragg and local resonances for highly attenuating and broad bandgaps. Sci. Rep. 3, 3240 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bergeron, V., V., Bonn, D., Martin, J.Y., Vovelle, L.: Controlling droplet deposition with polymer additives. Nature. 405, 772–775 (2000)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paczosa, S., Peruchini, C.: Selling Professional and Financial Services Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2013)

An edited book

Mercury, L., Tas, N., Zilberbrand, M. eds: Transport and Reactivity of Solutions in Confined Hydrosystems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Mohr, D., Zachmann, G.: Silhouette Area Based Similarity Measure for Template Matching in Constant Time. In: Perales, F.J. and Fisher, R.B. (eds.) Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects: 6th International Conference, AMDO 2010, Port d’Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 7-9, 2010. Proceedings. pp. 43–54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Difference Equations.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Why Bigger Isn’t Always Better In The World Of Muscle Building, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-bigger-isn-t-always-better-world-muscle-building/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: International Aviation: DOT’s Efforts to Increase U.S. Airlines’ Access to International Markets. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1996)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kim, H.: Linkages Between Career Development and Career Technical Education Outcomes Among High Schools in New Jersey, (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: 67 Dogs, Some Hot and Some Sly, Have Their Day, (2001)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Difference Equations
Abbreviation	Adv. Differ. Equ.
ISSN (online)	1687-1847
Scope	Algebra and Number Theory Analysis Applied Mathematics

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