How to format your references using the Current Pain and Headache Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Pain and Headache Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Falk D. Careers in science offer women an unusual bonus: immortality. Nature. 2000;407:833.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Showalter MR, Lissauer JJ. The second ring-moon system of Uranus: discovery and dynamics. Science. 2006;311:973–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Reese C, Heise F, Mayer A. Trans-SNARE pairing can precede a hemifusion intermediate in intracellular membrane fusion. Nature. 2005;436:410–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Huang C-H, Mandelker D, Schmidt-Kittler O, Samuels Y, Velculescu VE, Kinzler KW, et al. The structure of a human p110alpha/p85alpha complex elucidates the effects of oncogenic PI3Kalpha mutations. Science. 2007;318:1744–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Morley D. Communications and Mobility. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Richardson MJ, Riley MA, Shockley K, editors. Progress in Motor Control: Neural, Computational and Dynamic Approaches. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jörntell H. Synergy Control in Subcortical Circuitry: Insights from Neurophysiology. In: Bianchi M, Moscatelli A, editors. Human and Robot Hands: Sensorimotor Synergies to Bridge the Gap Between Neuroscience and Robotics. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 61–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Pain and Headache Reports.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Smoke From Fires May Spur Stronger Tornadoes. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology Selection at INS Needs Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 May. Report No.: T-PEMD-88-6.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Scaramella J. Physical activity and red light foods consumed in ASPIRE-VA veterans [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Stewart JB. Twilight of the Guru. New York Times. 2017 Jun 15;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Pain and Headache Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Pain Headache Rep.
ISSN (print)	1531-3433
ISSN (online)	1534-3081
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology