How to format your references using the Current Pain and Headache Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Pain and Headache Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Macilwain C. Bell Labs win superconductivity patent. Nature. 2000;403:121–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mesecar AD, Koshland DE Jr. A new model for protein stereospecificity. Nature. 2000;403:614–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. McGuire SE, Le PT, Davis RL. The role of Drosophila mushroom body signaling in olfactory memory. Science. 2001;293:1330–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mann NH, Cook A, Millard A, Bailey S, Clokie M. Marine ecosystems: bacterial photosynthesis genes in a virus. Nature. 2003;424:741.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Nyce DS. Position Sensors. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Wu Y, editor. Computing and Intelligent Systems: International Conference, ICCIC 2011, Wuhan, China, September 17-18, 2011. Proceedings, Part IV. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Braun CB, Grande T. Evolution of Peripheral Mechanisms for the Enhancement of Sound Reception. In: Webb JF, Fay RR, Popper AN, editors. Fish Bioacoustics: With 81 Illustrations. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 99–144.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Pain and Headache Reports.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. The Speed Of Gravity Might Help Us Confirm Dark Energy [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-speed-of-gravity-might-help-us-confirm-dark-energy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. A Look at NASA’s Aircraft Energy Efficiency Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Jul. Report No.: PSAD-80-50.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Seefried VI. Timely and accurate decision-making during U.S. public health emergencies: Incremental Dynamic Decision-making (IDD) for public health emergency response [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Reprieve Of Sorts In a Costly Blunder. New York Times. 2011 Jul 15;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Pain and Headache Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Pain Headache Rep.
ISSN (print)	1531-3433
ISSN (online)	1534-3081
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology