How to format your references using the Current Pain and Headache Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Pain and Headache Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Herzfeld C. How the change agent has changed. Nature. 2008;451:403–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Grünwald D, Singer RH. In vivo imaging of labelled endogenous β-actin mRNA during nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2010;467:604–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Séguin B, Singer PA, Daar AS. Science community: scientific diasporas. Science. 2006;312:1602–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Que LG, Liu L, Yan Y, Whitehead GS, Gavett SH, Schwartz DA, et al. Protection from experimental asthma by an endogenous bronchodilator. Science. 2005;308:1618–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Phillips JJ, Phillips P, Pulliam A. Measuring ROI in Environment, Health, and Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Chakraborty K. Soft Computing Techniques in Voltage Security Analysis. Chakrabarti A, editor. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zhang X, Dong H, Tian Y. miRNA Electrochemical Detection. In: Dong H, Tian Y, editors. MicroRNA Detection and Pathological Functions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 37–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Pain and Headache Reports.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. 7 Deep Sea Dwellers Who Hardly Look Like Animals At All. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DOD Information Technology: Software and Systems Process Improvement Programs Vary in Use of Best Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Mar. Report No.: GAO-01-116.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Doss A. Trapped within the white gaze: A DuBoisian approach to understanding the existential burden of being a black man in America [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. End of the World, in Jersey. New York Times. 2017 Mar 1;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Pain and Headache Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Pain Headache Rep.
ISSN (print)	1531-3433
ISSN (online)	1534-3081
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology