How to format your references using the Current Osteoporosis Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Osteoporosis Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007;449:819–26.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rahman MA, Halfar J. First evidence of chitin in calcified coralline algae: new insights into the calcification process of Clathromorphum compactum. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6162.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Beerling DJ, Osborne CP, Chaloner WG. Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era. Nature. 2001;410:352–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kim BN, Hiraga K, Morita K, Sakka Y. A high-strain-rate superplastic ceramic. Nature. 2001;413:288–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Toy M. Networks and Services. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Rosenberg E, Gophna U, editors. Beneficial Microorganisms in Multicellular Life Forms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kaltschmitt M, Streicher W, Wiese A. Solar Thermal Heat Utilisation. In: Kaltschmitt M, Streicher W, Wiese A, editors. Renewable Energy: Technology, and Environment Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 123–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Osteoporosis Reports.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Humans May Have Fewer Viral Fossils Because Our Ancestors Traded Biting For Tools [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humans-may-have-fewer-viral-fossils-because-our-ancestors-traded-biting-tools/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Internet of Things: Communities Deploy Projects by Combining Federal Support with Other Funds and Expertise. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 Jul. Report No.: GAO-17-570.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Canetta SE. Type III Neuregulin1 Signaling in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Affects Thermal Pain Sensation and Hyperalgesia [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Ayittey GBN. After Revolutions, Beware of Crocodiles. New York Times. 2012 Apr 6;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Osteoporosis Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Osteoporos. Rep.
ISSN (print)	1544-1873
ISSN (online)	1544-2241
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism