How to format your references using the Current Heart Failure Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Heart Failure Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Fox RO. Obituary: Frederic Richards (1925-2009). Nature. 2009;457:976.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pan H, Chen B. Ultra-flexibility and unusual electronic, magnetic and chemical properties of waved graphenes and nanoribbons. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4198.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li Z-Z, Zhang F-C, Wang Q-H. Majorana modes in a topological insulator/s-wave superconductor heterostructure. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6363.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Karmodiya K, Anamika K, Muley V, Pradhan SJ, Bhide Y, Galande S. Camello, a novel family of Histone Acetyltransferases that acetylate histone H4 and is essential for zebrafish development. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6076.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Reason B, Løvlie L, Brand Flu M. Service Design for Business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Ikeda S, Kato HK, Ohtake F, Tsutsui Y, editors. Behavioral Interactions, Markets, and Economic Dynamics: Topics in Behavioral Economics. 1st ed. 2016. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sun J, Li X, Zhan Y. The Design of Image Similarity Tool Based on SCILAB. In: Zeng D, editor. Applied Informatics and Communication: International Conference, ICAIC 2011,Xi’an, China, August 20-21, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 25–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Heart Failure Reports.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. This Awesome Video Takes you on a Tour Inside the Human Heart. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Joint Strike Fighter: DOD Plans to Enter Production before Testing Demonstrates Acceptable Performance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Mar. Report No.: GAO-06-356.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Okafor-Dike LC. The effect of leadership on economic development: A case study of Nigeria [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. Terrors of an Unfixed Reality. New York Times. 2017 Jun 23;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Heart Failure Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.
ISSN (print)	1546-9530
ISSN (online)	1546-9549
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Emergency Medicine Physiology (medical)