How to format your references using the Current Heart Failure Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Heart Failure Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Turrigiano G. Neurobiology: Keeping a lid on it. Nature. 2014;511:297–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Insel TR, Landis S. Allison Doupe (1954-2014). Nature. 2014;515:344.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nieder A, Freedman DJ, Miller EK. Representation of the quantity of visual items in the primate prefrontal cortex. Science. 2002;297:1708–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hiramoto M, Hiromi Y, Giniger E, Hotta Y. The Drosophila Netrin receptor Frazzled guides axons by controlling Netrin distribution. Nature. 2000;406:886–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lee YS. Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Kaklamanis C, Skutella M, editors. Approximation and Online Algorithms: 5th International Workshop, WAOA 2007, Eilat, Israel, October 11-12, 2007. Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rosling A, Littlemore K. Improving Student Mental Models in a New University Information Setting. In: Rikowski R, editor. Digitisation Perspectives. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2011. p. 89–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Heart Failure Reports.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Prints From Duck-Billed Dino Herd Found in Alaska [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/prints-duck-billed-dino-herd-found-alaska/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Business Process Reengineering Assessment Guide--Version 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Apr. Report No.: AIMD-10.1.15.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Schliebe MC. Impact of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ) on benthic community structure in southern California wetlands [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. de la MERCED MJ. Unilever to Buy South Korean Skin Care Specialist. New York Times. 2017 Sep 25;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Heart Failure Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.
ISSN (print)	1546-9530
ISSN (online)	1546-9549
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Emergency Medicine Physiology (medical)