How to format your references using the Current Heart Failure Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Heart Failure Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Johns A. When authorship met authenticity. Nature. 2008;451:1058–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. John B, Hunter CA. Immunology. Neutrophil soldiers or Trojan Horses? Science. 2008;321:917–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ehrlich PR, Kareiva PM, Daily GC. Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature. 2012;486:68–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pascolo L, Gianoncelli A, Rizzardi C, Tisato V, Salomé M, Calligaro C, et al. Calcium micro-depositions in jugular truncular venous malformations revealed by Synchrotron-based XRF imaging. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6540.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Will H. »Sei naiv und mach’ ein Experiment«: Feodor Lynen. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

1. Mak P-I. High-/Mixed-Voltage Analog and RF Circuit Techniques for Nanoscale CMOS. Martins RP, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ismail-Zadeh A, Korotkii A, Tsepelev I. Application of the Variational Method to Lava Flow Modelling. In: Korotkii A, Tsepelev I, editors. Data-Driven Numerical Modelling in Geodynamics: Methods and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 41–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Heart Failure Reports.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Engineered Human Intestines Function Like the Real Thing in Mice [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/engineered-human-intestines-function-real-thing-mice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Ocean Mining Technology Transfer (Best available copy). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Mar. Report No.: B-205876.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Pittsinger RF. The effect of a single bout of surfing on exercise-induced affect [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. A Heady Nightcap in a City Not Known for Sleeping. New York Times. 2012 Sep 2;SP5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Heart Failure Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.
ISSN (print)	1546-9530
ISSN (online)	1546-9549
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Emergency Medicine Physiology (medical)