How to format your references using the Cryogenics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cryogenics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Oppenheim J. Physics. For quantum information, two wrongs can make a right. Science 2008;321:1783–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lee BW, Clark NA. Alignment of liquid crystals with patterned isotropic surfaces. Science 2001;291:2576–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ballester GE, Sing DK, Herbert F. The signature of hot hydrogen in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b. Nature 2007;445:511–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ben-Zvi D, Shilo B-Z, Fainsod A, Barkai N. Scaling of the BMP activation gradient in Xenopus embryos. Nature 2008;453:1205–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Aquino JA. The International Family Guide to US University Admissions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Norman RA. Clinical Cases in Integrative Dermatology. vol. 4. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Maraj CS, Martinez SG, Badillo-Urquiola KA, Stevens JA, Maxwell DB. Preliminary Review of a Virtual World Usability Questionnaire. In: Lackey S, Shumaker R, editors. Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: 8th International Conference, VAMR 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, Canada, July 17-22, 2016. Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 35–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cryogenics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Fingerprint Analysis Could Detect Cocaine Use. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/fingerprints-could-be-used-detect-cocaine/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Medicare Computer Systems: Year 2000 Challenges Put Benefits and Services in Jeopardy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Cagle West M. Effective software engineering leadership for development programs. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly C. You Loved My Film? Thanks, Man. Spare a Dime? New York Times 2013:A23B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cryogenics
Abbreviation	Cryogenics (Guildf.)
ISSN (print)	0011-2275
Scope	General Materials Science General Physics and Astronomy

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