How to format your references using the Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (CRB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tu Y. How robust is the Internet? Nature. 2000 Jul 27;406(6794):353–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pearse AM, Swift K. Allograft theory: transmission of devil facial-tumour disease. Nature. 2006 Feb 2;439(7076):549.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hansen LN, Zimmerman ME, Kohlstedt DL. Laboratory measurements of the viscous anisotropy of olivine aggregates. Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):415–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhou Y, Yao Y, Chen CY, Moon K, Wang H, Wong CP. The use of polyimide-modified aluminum nitride fillers in AlN@PI/epoxy composites with enhanced thermal conductivity for electronic encapsulation. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 24;4:4779.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Diver DA. Plasma Formulary for Physics, Astronomy, and Technology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Kuflik T, Berkovsky S, Carmagnola F, Heckmann D, Krüger A, editors. Advances in Ubiquitous User Modelling: Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. VII, 159 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5830).

A chapter in an edited book

Santa-Maria C, Jain S, Gradishar WJ. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2): Translating the Lab to the Clinic. In: Badve S, Gökmen-Polar Y, editors. Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 59–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Carpineti A. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Astronomers Have Spotted A “Lost” Planet The Size Of Neptune. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-catch-a-neptunesized-planet-playing-hide-and-seek/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Gaps in Parents’ and Students’ Knowledge of School Costs and Federal Aid. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jul. Report No.: PEMD-90-20BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robert LA. The impact of community-based mentoring on African American boys using an attribution-retraining curriculum [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chang S. School Scandals: A Scorecard. New York Times. 2006 Feb 5;14LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
ISSN (print)	0278-940X
ISSN (online)	1943-619X
Scope