How to format your references using the Critical Discourse Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Discourse Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Severinghaus, J. P. (2009). Atmospheric science. Monsoons and meltdowns. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5950), 240–241.

A journal article with 2 authors

Etienne-Manneville, S., & Hall, A. (2003). Cdc42 regulates GSK-3beta and adenomatous polyposis coli to control cell polarity. Nature, 421(6924), 753–756.

A journal article with 3 authors

Colombani, J., Andersen, D. S., & Léopold, P. (2012). Secreted peptide Dilp8 coordinates Drosophila tissue growth with developmental timing. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6081), 582–585.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Bo, Z., Shuai, X., Mao, S., Yang, H., Qian, J., Chen, J., Yan, J., & Cen, K. (2014). Green preparation of reduced graphene oxide for sensing and energy storage applications. Scientific Reports, 4, 4684.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dudbridge, M. (2016). Handbook of Seal Integrity in the Food Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ndubisi, F. O. (Ed.). (2014). The Ecological Design and Planning Reader. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics.

A chapter in an edited book

Ugurlu, T., Zeitler, A., & Kheyrollahi, A. (2013). Sample Application: Application Structure and Domain Model. In A. Zeitler & A. Kheyrollahi (Eds.), Pro ASP.NET Web API: HTTP Web Services in ASP.NET (pp. 95–139). Apress.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Discourse Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, December 15). This Is What Astronauts See As They Re-Enter Earth’s Atmosphere. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard--Model Year 2000 (OGC-98-42). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Griess, J. O. (2010). A canine audience: The effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy on reading progress among students identified with learning disabilities [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kirk, -- Sophia, & Mawr, B. (1941, February 16). HASTE: Aid to Britain. New York Times, REVIEW OF THE WEEK EDITORIALSE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Severinghaus, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Etienne-Manneville & Hall, 2003; Severinghaus, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Etienne-Manneville & Hall, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Bo et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Discourse Studies
Abbreviation	Crit. Discourse Stud.
ISSN (print)	1740-5904
ISSN (online)	1740-5912
Scope	General Social Sciences