How to format your references using the Contraception: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contraception: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Pearce F. Dubious assumptions prime population bomb. Nature 2011;473:125.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Alabugin I, Mohamed RK. Chemistry. A CO₂ cloak for the cyanide dagger. Science 2014;344:45–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Psaltis D, Quake SR, Yang C. Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics. Nature 2006;442:381–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bast H, Funke S, Sanders P, Schultes D. Fast routing in road networks with transit nodes. Science 2007;316:566.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Langley-Evans S. Nutrition, health and disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Guex J. Discrete Biochronological Time Scales. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mesiar R, Kolesárová A, Komorníková M. Aggregation Functions on [0,1]. In: Kacprzyk J, Pedrycz W, editors. Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015, p. 61–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contraception: X.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Scientists Have Figured Out Why Brown Dwarfs Are Such A Diverse Bunch. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-have-figured-out-why-brown-dwarfs-are-such-a-diverse-bunch/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: An Assessment Guide--Exposure Draft (Superseded by AIMD-10.1.14). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hayen CJ. Canine-Assisted Psychotherapy: Finding the Way Back to Our Animal Soul. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Yablonsky L. Coast Garde. New York Times 2011:M224.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Contraception: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1516
Scope

Research and Writing Guides