How to format your references using the Criminal Justice Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Criminal Justice Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellison, A. M. (2014). Political borders should not hamper wildlife. Nature, 508(7494), 9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Adrain, C., & Martin, S. J. (2006). Cell biology. Double knockout blow for caspases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5762), 785–786.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, A. P. P., Pigli, Y. Z., & Rice, P. A. (2010). Structure of the LexA-DNA complex and implications for SOS box measurement. Nature, 466(7308), 883–886.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Néda, Z., Ravasz, E., Brechet, Y., Vicsek, T., & Barabási, A. L. (2000). The sound of many hands clapping. Nature, 403(6772), 849–850.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bai, Y. (2010). Practical Database Programming with Visual C#.NET. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mathaudhu, S. N., Sillekens, W. H., Neelameggham, N. R., & Hort, N. (Eds.). (2016). Magnesium Technology 2012. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Scott-Conner, C. E. H., & Chassin, J. L. (2014). Dissecting and Suturing. In C. E. H. Scott-Conner (Ed.), Chassin’s Operative Strategy in General Surgery: An Expositive Atlas (pp. 27–37). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Criminal Justice Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, April 17). Black Hole’s Powerful Magnetic Field Observed For First Time. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/black-holes-powerful-magnetic-field-observed-first-time/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Next Generation Air Transportation System: FAA Has Made Some Progress in Implementation, but Delays Threaten to Impact Costs and Benefits (GAO-12-141T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson-Scott, D. (2010). Policy analysis of the Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2013, July 4). On Tulsa’s Long-Shot Olympic Pitch, Mayor and Others Say Never Mind. New York Times, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ellison, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Adrain & Martin, 2006; Ellison, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Adrain & Martin, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Néda et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Criminal Justice Studies
Abbreviation	Crim. Justice Stud. (Abingdon)
ISSN (print)	1478-601X
ISSN (online)	1478-6028
Scope	Law