How to format your references using the Criminal Justice Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Criminal Justice Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Radick, G. (2015). HISTORY OF SCIENCE. Beyond the “Mendel-Fisher controversy.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6257), 159–160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Govers, F., & Angenent, G. C. (2010). Plant science. Fertility goddesses as Trojan horses. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6006), 922–923.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sorenson, M. D., Sefc, K. M., & Payne, R. B. (2003). Speciation by host switch in brood parasitic indigobirds. Nature, 424(6951), 928–931.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Shri, M., Dave, R., Diwedi, S., Shukla, D., Kesari, R., Tripathi, R. D., Trivedi, P. K., & Chakrabarty, D. (2014). Heterologous expression of Ceratophyllum demersum phytochelatin synthase, CdPCS1, in rice leads to lower arsenic accumulation in grain. Scientific Reports, 4, 5784.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levy, G., & Levin, B. (2014). The Biostatistics of Aging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lawphongpanich, S., Hearn, D. W., & Smith, M. J. (Eds.). (2006). Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging (Vol. 101). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

García, C. R., Quesada-Arencibia, A., Cristóbal, T., Padrón, G., Pérez, R., & Alayón, F. (2014). Using Ambient Intelligence to Improve Public Transport Accessibility. In R. Hervás, S. Lee, C. Nugent, & J. Bravo (Eds.), Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence. Personalisation and User Adapted Services: 8th International Conference, UCAmI 2014, Belfast, UK, December 2-5, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 17–20). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Criminal Justice Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, July 1). India’s Rocket Mission Cheaper Than The Movie Gravity. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Maneuver System Schedule Includes Unnecessary Risk (NSIAD-95-161). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rountree, B. L. (2010). Theory and practice of dynamic voltage /frequency scaling in the high performance computing environment [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Morgan, P. L., & Farkas, G. (2015, June 24). Is Special Education Racist? New York Times, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Radick, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Govers & Angenent, 2010; Radick, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Govers & Angenent, 2010)
Three authors: (Sorenson et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Shri et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Criminal Justice Studies
Abbreviation	Crim. Justice Stud. (Abingdon)
ISSN (print)	1478-601X
ISSN (online)	1478-6028
Scope	Law