How to format your references using the Crime, Law and Social Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Crime, Law and Social Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schwab, M. E. (2002). Repairing the injured spinal cord. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5557), 1029–1031.

A journal article with 2 authors

Murakami, M., & Kouyama, T. (2008). Crystal structure of squid rhodopsin. Nature, 453(7193), 363–367.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kulmala, M., Pirjola, L., & Makela, J. M. (2000). Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles. Nature, 404(6773), 66–69.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Mao, C., LaBean, T. H., Relf, J. H., & Seeman, N. C. (2000). Logical computation using algorithmic self-assembly of DNA triple-crossover molecules. Nature, 407(6803), 493–496.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bush, J., Harris, D. M., & Parker, R. J. (2016). Cognitive Self Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Sahayaraj, K. (Ed.). (2014). Basic and Applied Aspects of Biopesticides. New Delhi: Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao, L.-J., Tang, J., & Chai, T.-Y. (2012). Modeling Spectral Data Based on Mutual Information and Kernel Extreme Learning Machines. In J. Wang, G. G. Yen, & M. M. Polycarpou (Eds.), Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2012: 9th International Symposium on Neural Networks, Shenyang, China, July 11-14, 2012. Proceedings, Part I (pp. 29–36). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Crime, Law and Social Change.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 26). How We Found The Source Of The Mystery Signals At The Dish. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-we-found-source-mystery-signals-dish/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Aviation Safety: FAA Needs to Update Curriculum and Certification Requirements for Aviation Mechanics (No. GAO-03-317). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Singh, A. (2017). Improving the Usability of Typometric Solutions (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dargis, M., & Poniewozik, J. (2017, August 31). Not Exactly Your Simple Sequel. New York Times, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Crime, Law and Social Change
Abbreviation	Crime Law Soc. Change
ISSN (print)	0925-4994
ISSN (online)	1573-0751
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine General Social Sciences Law