How to format your references using the Cough citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cough. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chandrashekar CM. Two-component Dirac-like Hamiltonian for generating quantum walk on one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2829.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Freed AM, Lin J. Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer. Nature. 2001;411:180–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Winn JN, Rusin D, Kochanek CS. The central image of a gravitationally lensed quasar. Nature. 2004;427:613–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Chang HH, Hemberg M, Barahona M, Ingber DE, Huang S. Transcriptome-wide noise controls lineage choice in mammalian progenitor cells. Nature. 2008;453:544–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chowdhury D, Stauffer D. Principles of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. Schmidt B. Ion Beams in Materials Processing and Analysis. Vienna: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Morrison H. Writing and Daydreaming. In: Callard F, Staines K, Wilkes J, editors. The Restless Compendium: Interdisciplinary Investigations of Rest and Its Opposites. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cough.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Marsquakes Might Help Life Survive On The Red Planet. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/marsquakes-might-help-life-survive-on-the-red-planet/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Impact of Budget Cuts on Three Directorates of the National Science Foundation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mani V. Empirical study of link between operations and financial performance for retailers. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Justices Decline Case on 200-Year Sentence For Man Who Possessed Child Pornography. New York Times. 2007;:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cough
ISSN (print)	1745-9974
Scope