How to format your references using the Cough citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cough. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Muindi F. Tell the negative committee to shut up. Science. 2014;345:350.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Tyers M, Mann M. From genomics to proteomics. Nature. 2003;422:193–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Beskow LM, Dame L, Costello EJ. Research ethics. Certificates of confidentiality and compelled disclosure of data. Science. 2008;322:1054–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Müller K, Kaldewey T, Ripszam R, Wildmann JS, Bechtold A, Bichler M, et al. All optical quantum control of a spin-quantum state and ultrafast transduction into an electric current. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1906.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Nash CE. The History of Aquaculture. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Plag H-P, Pearlman M, editors. Global Geodetic Observing System: Meeting the Requirements of a Global Society on a Changing Planet in 2020. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Williams D, Wang M-T, Chang C-H, Ahamed SI, Chu W. Agile Development for the Creation of Proper Human-Computer Interfaces for the Elderly. In: Bodine C, Helal S, Gu T, Mokhtari M, editors. Smart Homes and Health Telematics: 12th International Conference, ICOST 2014, Denver, CO, USA, June 25-27, 2014, Revised Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 29–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cough.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. SARS Pandemic Originated in Bats. IFLScience. 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sars-pandemic-originated-bats/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Highway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Holmgren JL. Instructor responses to rhetorical dissent: Student perceptions of justice and classroom outcomes. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Dodgers Prevail in a Pitchers’ Duel That Wasn’t. New York Times. 2016;:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cough
ISSN (print)	1745-9974
Scope