How to format your references using the Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E.D. Young, Geochemistry. Strange water in the solar system, Science 317 (2007) 211–212.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.R. Montgomery, M. Manga, Streamflow and water well responses to earthquakes, Science 300 (2003) 2047–2049.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C. Reese, F. Heise, A. Mayer, Trans-SNARE pairing can precede a hemifusion intermediate in intracellular membrane fusion, Nature 436 (2005) 410–414.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X.K. Zhu, Y. Guo, R.K. O’Nions, E.D. Young, R.D. Ash, Isotopic homogeneity of iron in the early solar nebula, Nature 412 (2001) 311–313.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Hoy, Forensic Radio Survey Techniques for Cell Site Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

M. Biba, F. Xhafa, eds., Learning Structure and Schemas from Documents, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

U.G. Longo, L. Denaro, V. Denaro, Systematic Approach to the Patient to Minimize Errors of Diagnosis and Surgical Indications, in: L. Denaro, D. D’Avella, V. Denaro (Eds.), Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery: Avoidance and Management of Complications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Possible Major Advancement In Skin Cancer Treatment, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/possible-major-advancement-skin-cancer-treatment/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transportation Infrastructure: A Comparison of Federal and State Highway Laws, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.S. Leslie, Understanding Individual Change in Practice: A Grounded Theory Study of Maternity Care Providers, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G.G. Gustines, DC and Marvel, Beware: Valiant Is to Make Films, New York Times (2015) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
Abbreviation	Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun.
ISSN (print)	2451-8654
Scope