How to format your references using the Contemporary Arab Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contemporary Arab Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grotzinger, John P. 2013. “Analysis of Surface Materials by the Curiosity Mars Rover.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 (6153): 1475.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lindsay, Mark E., and Harry C. Dietz. 2011. “Lessons on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm from Heritable Conditions.” Nature 473 (7347): 308–316.

A journal article with 3 authors

MacMicking, John D., Gregory A. Taylor, and John D. McKinney. 2003. “Immune Control of Tuberculosis by IFN-Gamma-Inducible LRG-47.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 302 (5645): 654–659.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Schwoerer, H., S. Pfotenhauer, O. Jäckel, K-U Amthor, B. Liesfeld, W. Ziegler, R. Sauerbrey, K. W. D. Ledingham, and T. Esirkepov. 2006. “Laser-Plasma Acceleration of Quasi-Monoenergetic Protons from Microstructured Targets.” Nature 439 (7075): 445–448.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva, Luís Simões, Rui Simões, and Helena Gervásio. 2014. Design of Steel Structures. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Wang, Hongzhi, Haoliang Qi, Wanxiang Che, Zhaowen Qiu, Leilei Kong, Zhongyuan Han, Junyu Lin, and Zeguang Lu, eds. 2015. Intelligent Computation in Big Data Era: International Conference of Young Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICYCSEE 2015, Harbin, China, January 10-12, 2015. Proceedings. Vol. 503. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cambazard, Hadrien, Deepak Mehta, Barry O’Sullivan, and Helmut Simonis. 2013. “Constraint Programming Based Large Neighbourhood Search for Energy Minimisation in Data Centres.” In Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services: 10th International Conference, GECON 2013, Zaragoza, Spain, September 18-20, 2013. Proceedings, edited by Jörn Altmann, Kurt Vanmechelen, and Omer F. Rana, 44–59. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contemporary Arab Affairs.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. “Why Are The Cassini Pictures Starless?” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-are-the-cassini-pictures-starless/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1986. Contract Pricing: Subcontractor Prices Overstated on AN/TSQ-111 Communications Contract. NSIAD-86-166. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carrillo, Jessica. 2010. “Parenting Education Curriculum for Single Adolescent Mothers in Foster Care.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kolomatsky, Michael. 2017. “Detroit Home Market Warms Up.” New York Times, September 14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grotzinger 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Grotzinger 2013; Lindsay and Dietz 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lindsay and Dietz 2011)
Three authors: (MacMicking, Taylor, and McKinney 2003)
4 or more authors: (Schwoerer et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Contemporary Arab Affairs
Abbreviation	Contemp. Arab Aff.
ISSN (print)	1755-0912
ISSN (online)	1755-0920
Scope	Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations