How to format your references using the Contemporary Arab Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contemporary Arab Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balch, Jennifer K. 2014. “Atmospheric Science: Drought and Fire Change Sink to Source.” Nature 506 (7486): 41–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Darios, Frédéric, and Bazbek Davletov. 2006. “Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Stimulate Cell Membrane Expansion by Acting on Syntaxin 3.” Nature 440 (7085): 813–817.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fisher, R. J., J. Pevsner, and R. D. Burgoyne. 2001. “Control of Fusion Pore Dynamics during Exocytosis by Munc18.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 291 (5505): 875–878.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

King, D. A., C. Peckham, J. K. Waage, J. Brownlie, and M. E. J. Woolhouse. 2006. “Epidemiology. Infectious Diseases: Preparing for the Future.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 313 (5792): 1392–1393.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Trigeassou, Jean-Claude. 2011. Electrical Machines Diagnosis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lax, Peter D. 2014. Calculus With Applications. Edited by Maria Shea Terrell. 2nd ed. 2014. Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Deng, Xiaomin, Xiaodan Ke, Michael A. Sutton, Haywood S. Watts, and Hubert W. Schreier. 2015. “Curvilinear Fatigue Crack Growth Under Out-of-Phase Loading Conditions.” In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure, and Damage Evolution, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, edited by Jay Carroll and Samantha Daly, 27–34. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contemporary Arab Affairs.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Why Do We Get Dizzy?” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-do-we-get-dizzy/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. GSA: Federal Communications Commission Planned Move to the Portals II Building. GGD-98-65R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pitron, John Edward. 2008. “The Influence of Exemplary Followership on Organizational Performance: A Phenomenological Approach.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, John. 2016. “Painting Brooklyn, Without a Brush.” New York Times, October 7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Balch 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Balch 2014; Darios and Davletov 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Darios and Davletov 2006)
Three authors: (Fisher, Pevsner, and Burgoyne 2001)
4 or more authors: (King et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Contemporary Arab Affairs
Abbreviation	Contemp. Arab Aff.
ISSN (print)	1755-0912
ISSN (online)	1755-0920
Scope	Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations