How to format your references using the Conservation Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Conservation Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shoichet BK. 2004. Virtual screening of chemical libraries. Nature 432:862–865.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilberg MJ, Miller TJ. 2007. Comment on “Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316:1285; author reply 1285.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson WA, McCauley E, Wrona FJ. 2005. Stage-structured cycles promote genetic diversity in a predator-prey system of Daphnia and algae. Nature 433:413–417.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen M, Briscoe WH, Armes SP, Klein J. 2009. Lubrication at physiological pressures by polyzwitterionic brushes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323:1698–1701.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Minoli D. 2007. IP Multicast with Applications to IPTV and Mobile DVB-H. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Read J, editor. 2016. Post-admission Language Assessment of University Students. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Granov A, Tiutin L, Schwarz T. 2013. Breast Cancer. Pages 59–76 in Granov A, Tiutin L, Schwarz T, editors. Positron Emission Tomography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Conservation Biology.

Blog post

Taub B. 2016, June 23. Misuse Of Prescription Opioids Has More Than Doubled In the US In the Past Decade. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/misuse-of-prescription-opioids-has-more-than-doubled-in-the-us-in-the-past-decade/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2003. Trends in State Capital Investment in Highways, an E-supplement to GAO-03-744R. GAO-03-915SP. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tourijigian L. 2015. Fiscal Changes at Dunbar Elementary. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. 2017, July 26. Rolling Stones, Gathering Regrets. New York Times:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shoichet 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Shoichet 2004; Wilberg & Miller 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wilberg & Miller 2007)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Conservation Biology
Abbreviation	Conserv. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation