How to format your references using the Conservation Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Conservation Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cohen MD. 2008. Economics. Learning with regret. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319:1052–1053.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ives AR, Whitlock MC. 2002. Ecology. Inbreeding and metapopulations. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295:454–455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Donner SD, Kandlikar M, Zerriffi H. 2011. Environment and development. Preparing to manage climate change financing. Science (New York, N.Y.) 334:908–909.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Taleshi MS, Raber G, Edmonds JS, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. 2014. Arsenolipids in oil from blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou--evidence for arsenic-containing esters. Scientific reports 4:7492.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Giesbrecht FG, Gumpertz ML. 2005. Planning, Construction, and Statistical Analysis of Comparative Experiments: Giesbrecht/Comparative Experiments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sultana RG, editor. 2011. Educators of the Mediterranean… …Up Close and Personal: Critical Voices from South Europe and the MENA region. SensePublishers, Rotterdam.

A chapter in an edited book

Altmann S. 2014. All Done by Mirrors: Symmetries, Quaternions, Spinors, and Clifford Algebras. Pages 101–130 in Lupacchini R, Angelini A, editors. The Art of Science: From Perspective Drawing to Quantum Randomness. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Conservation Biology.

Blog post

Hale T. 2017, February 27. Watch How This Year’s Early Spring Swept Through The US. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/watch-how-this-years-early-spring-swept-through-the-us/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Head Start: Challenges Faced in Demonstrating Program Results and Responding to Societal Changes. T-HEHS-98-183. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kay VL. 2009. A single mother and child welfare: A personal narrative. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich JR. 2016, November 10. Juilliard’s Fast Takes on French Baroque. New York Times:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cohen 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Ives & Whitlock 2002; Cohen 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ives & Whitlock 2002)
Three or more authors: (Taleshi et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Conservation Biology
Abbreviation	Conserv. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation