How to format your references using the Computers and Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Deary I. Why do intelligent people live longer? Nature 2008;456:175–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ishikawa H, Barber GN. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature 2008;455:674–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Merritt D, Ferrarese L, Joseph CL. No supermassive black hole in M33? Science 2001;293:1116–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ahanger SH, Günther K, Weth O, Bartkuhn M, Bhonde RR, Shouche YS, et al. Ectopically tethered CP190 induces large-scale chromatin decondensation. Sci Rep 2014;4:3917.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Unmehopa M, Vemuri K, Bennett A. Parlay/OSA. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Rathgeber W, Schrogl K-U, Williamson RA, editors. The Fair and Responsible Use of Space: An International Perspective. vol. 4. Vienna: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Miyazawa T, Nishine H. Evaluating Outcomes After Interventional Procedures. In: Díaz-Jimenez JP, Rodriguez AN, editors. Interventions in Pulmonary Medicine, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 71–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Even Death Doesn’t Stop Geckos From Sticking To The Walls. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/death-will-not-stop-geckos-sticking-walls/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Human Capital Management: FAA’s Reform Effort Requires a More Strategic Approach. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

McConnell KF. Inventing pluralistic education: Compulsory schooling as technique of democratic deliberation. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. The Nanny Nightmare. New York Times 2004:141.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Structures
Abbreviation	Comput. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0045-7949
Scope	Computer Science Applications Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation

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