How to format your references using the Computers and Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sloboda J. Science and Music: the ear of the beholder. Nature 2008;454:32–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ehrenfreund P, Foing BH. Astronomy. Fullerenes and cosmic carbon. Science 2010;329:1159–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Andreae MO, Jones CD, Cox PM. Strong present-day aerosol cooling implies a hot future. Nature 2005;435:1187–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Takashima S, Mkrtchyan M, Younossi-Hartenstein A, Merriam JR, Hartenstein V. The behaviour of Drosophila adult hindgut stem cells is controlled by Wnt and Hh signalling. Nature 2008;454:651–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Takezawa K. Introduction to Nonparametric Regression: Takezawa/Introduction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Miri SJ, Lake R, Kress TM, editors. Reclaiming the Sane Society: Essays on Erich Fromm’s Thought. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Manmana SR, Rodriguez K, Muramatsu A. Simulations of Strongly Correlated Quantum Systems out of Equilibrium. In: Nagel WE, Kröner D, Resch M, editors. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering `07: Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2007, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 71–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Darwin’s Finches Highlight The Unity Of All Life. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Unemployment Insurance Information Technology: States Face Challenges in Modernization Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lee SB. Localizing the effects of link flooding attacks in the Internet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kasich J. End Partisan Warfare on Health Care. New York Times 2017:A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Structures
Abbreviation	Comput. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0045-7949
Scope	Computer Science Applications Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation