How to format your references using the Computer Science - Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Science - Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coontz R (2012) Mysteries of astronomy. Science 336:1090

A journal article with 2 authors

Ding B, Seeman NC (2006) Operation of a DNA robot arm inserted into a 2D DNA crystalline substrate. Science 314:1583–1585

A journal article with 3 authors

Fendorf S, Michael HA, van Geen A (2010) Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater arsenic in South and Southeast Asia. Science 328:1123–1127

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cohen GL, Garcia J, Apfel N, Master A (2006) Reducing the racial achievement gap: a social-psychological intervention. Science 313:1307–1310

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson RK (2012) Visual Data Mining. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Costa A (2009) Malattia di Parkinson e parkinsonismi: La prospettiva delle neuroscienze cognitive. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Lodi-Smith J, Park DC (2011) Synapse: A Clinical Trial Examining the Impact of Actively Engaging the Aging Mind. In: Hartman-Stein PE, LaRue A (eds) Enhancing Cognitive Fitness in Adults: A Guide to the Use and Development of Community-Based Programs. Springer, New York, NY, pp 67–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Science - Research and Development.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Five armored spiders discovered in Chinese caves. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Comments on the Office of Personnel Management’s February 20, 2008 Report to Congress Regarding the Retirement Systems Modernization. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dunn LK (2017) Hiring manager’s consideration process for ex-offender job applicants: A grounded theory study. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Justices Take Up Police Use of Lethal Force. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Science - Research and Development
Abbreviation	Comput. Sci. (Berl)
ISSN (print)	1865-2034
ISSN (online)	1865-2042
Scope	General Computer Science

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