How to format your references using the Computer Science - Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Science - Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Michaels AF (2007) Ocean science. Highly active eddies. Science 316:992–993

A journal article with 2 authors

Tabak LA, Collins FS (2011) Sociology. Weaving a richer tapestry in biomedical science. Science 333:940–941

A journal article with 3 authors

Akbarzadeh A, Qiu C-W, Danner AJ (2013) Exploiting design freedom in biaxial dielectrics to enable spatially overlapping optical instruments. Sci Rep 3:2055

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Belonoshko AB, Ramzan M, Mao H-K, Ahuja R (2013) Atomic diffusion in solid molecular hydrogen. Sci Rep 3:2340

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zinkin J (2013) Rebuilding Trust in Banks. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Nordio M, Joseph M, Meyer B, Terekhov A (2010) Software Engineering Approaches for Offshore and Outsourced Development: 4th International Conference, SEAFOOD 2010, St. Petersburg, Russia, June 17-18, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Bergeron S (2016) Transgressing Gender and Development: Rethinking Economy Beyond ‘Smart Economics.’ In: Dinerstein AC (ed) Social Sciences for an Other Politics: Women Theorizing Without Parachutes. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 65–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Science - Research and Development.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Destruction of Amazon Rainforest Visible From Space. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Transportation Research: Opportunities for Improving the Oversight of DOT’s Research Programs and User Satisfaction with Transportation Statistics. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soma VM (2016) A particle filter methodology for salient object detection in videos. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) Working Toward a Sunny Version of ‘Jurassic Park.’ New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Science - Research and Development
Abbreviation	Comput. Sci. (Berl)
ISSN (print)	1865-2034
ISSN (online)	1865-2042
Scope	General Computer Science