How to format your references using the Computer Science - Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Science - Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wootton JT (2001) Local interactions predict large-scale pattern in empirically derived cellular automata. Nature 413:841–844

A journal article with 2 authors

Lancaster MA, Knoblich JA (2014) Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science 345:1247125

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryden HL, McDonagh EL, King BA (2003) Changes in ocean water mass properties: oscillations or trends? Science 300:2086–2088

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kang Z, Yuan J, Zhang X, et al (2014) CMOS-compatible 2-bit optical spectral quantization scheme using a silicon-nanocrystal-based horizontal slot waveguide. Sci Rep 4:7177

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dacey JS, Mack MD, Fiore LB (2016) Your Anxious Child. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Oerke E-C, Gerhards R, Menz G, Sikora RA (2010) Precision Crop Protection - the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Lee DD, Yi S-J, McGill S, et al (2012) RoboCup 2011 Humanoid League Winners. In: Röfer T, Mayer NM, Savage J, Saranlı U (eds) RoboCup 2011: Robot Soccer World Cup XV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 37–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Science - Research and Development.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) 2016 Was The Hottest Year On Record For The Third Time In A Row. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/2016-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-for-the-third-time-in-a-row/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Air Traffic Control: Continued Improvements Needed in FAA’s Management of the NAS Plan. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ademiluyi CA (2010) Felony disenfranchisement and how it contributes to the Black electorate. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2009) A Personal Loss for a Hofstra Alumnus. New York Times B19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Science - Research and Development
Abbreviation	Comput. Sci. (Berl)
ISSN (print)	1865-2034
ISSN (online)	1865-2042
Scope	General Computer Science