How to format your references using the Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spitzer NC. 2015. DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE. Neurotransmitter-tailored dendritic trees. Science. 350(6260):510–511.

A journal article with 2 authors

Youle RJ, van der Bliek AM. 2012. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress. Science. 337(6098):1062–1065.

A journal article with 3 authors

Våge S, Storesund JE, Thingstad TF. 2013. SAR11 viruses and defensive host strains. Nature. 499(7459):E3-4.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Bauch D, Darling K, Simstich J, Bauch HA, Erlenkeuser H, Kroon D. 2003. Palaeoceanographic implications of genetic variation in living North Atlantic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Nature. 424(6946):299–302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stocker AA. 2006. Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

D’Onofrio M. 2008. Ecografia e procedure interventistiche percutanee: Fegato, vie biliari e pancreas. Ruzzenente A, editor. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Denarié E, Silfwerbrand J, Beushausen H. 2011. Structural Behaviour. In: Bissonnette B, Courard L, Fowler DW, Granju J-L, editors. Bonded Cement-Based Material Overlays for the Repair, the Lining or the Strengthening of Slabs or Pavements: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 193-RLS. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; p. 81–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Low Education Carries a Similar Mortality Risk to Smoking. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/low-education-carries-similar-mortality-risk-smoking/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2016. Telecommunications: Additional Coordination and Performance Measurement Needed for High-Speed Internet Access Programs on Tribal Lands. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bilbrey J. 2017. The Positive Effects Extrinsic Motivation Can Have on Intrinsic Motivation in a Math Classroom [Doctoral dissertation]. Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J. 2016. E.U. Opens Investigation of French Utility’s Taxes. New York Times.:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spitzer 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Youle and van der Bliek 2012; Spitzer 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Youle and van der Bliek 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bauch et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin.
ISSN (print)	1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
Scope	Bioengineering Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Biomedical Engineering General Medicine

Research and Writing Guides