How to format your references using the Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball P. 2008. Water: water--an enduring mystery. Nature. 452(7185):291–292.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yan N, Chen X. 2015. Sustainability: Don’t waste seafood waste. Nature. 524(7564):155–157.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ogata H, Nishikawa K, Lubitz W. 2015. Hydrogens detected by subatomic resolution protein crystallography in a [NiFe] hydrogenase. Nature. 520(7548):571–574.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Nyman M, Bonhomme F, Alam TM, Rodriguez MA, Cherry BR, Krumhansl JL, Nenoff TM, Sattler AM. 2002. A general synthetic procedure for heteropolyniobates. Science. 297(5583):996–998.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fortey RA, Bruton DL. 2013. Lower Ordovician Trilobites of the Kirtonryggen Formation, Spitsbergen. Norway: The Lethaia Foundation.

An edited book

Cataldo F, Ros TD, editors. 2008. Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Hatano H, Kitamura K, Liu Y. 2007. Growth and Photorefractive Properties of Stoichiometric LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. In: Günter P, Huignard J-P, editors. Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 2: Materials. New York, NY: Springer; p. 127–164.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Venus Encounters The Moon Before Dawn. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1973. Contracts Awarded to Aero Spacelines, Inc., for Airlift Outsized Cargo. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sahebjame M. 2012. Marriage: An authentic Iranian experience of the modern [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. 2015. Senate Republicans Introduce Bill for Relief of Puerto Rico’s Financial Problems. New York Times.:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Ball 2008; Yan and Chen 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yan and Chen 2015)
Three or more authors: (Nyman et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin.
ISSN (print)	1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
Scope	Bioengineering Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Biomedical Engineering General Medicine