How to format your references using the Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Al-Gazali L. 2011. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Human genome sequencing: celebrating 10 years. Science. 331(6019):873.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shao Z, Vollrath F. 2002. Surprising strength of silkworm silk. Nature. 418(6899):741.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beddington JR, Agnew DJ, Clark CW. 2007. Current problems in the management of marine fisheries. Science. 316(5832):1713–1716.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Zeng N, Ding Y, Pan J, Wang H, Gregg J. 2008. Sustainable development. Climate change--the Chinese challenge. Science. 319(5864):730–731.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Happer W, Jau Y-Y, Walker T. 2010. Optically Pumped Atoms. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Ibrahimbegovic A, Zlatar M, editors. 2009. Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Santos JE, Gauzellino PM. 2016. Absorbing boundary conditions in elastic and poroelastic media. In: Gauzellino PM, editor. Numerical Simulation in Applied Geophysics. Cham: Springer International Publishing; p. 97–119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2014. Missouri Bill Would Allow Students To “Opt-Out” of Learning Evolution. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/missouri-bill-would-allow-students-“opt-out”-learning-evolution/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Homeland Security: Efforts Under Way to Develop Enterprise Architecture, but Much Work Remains. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stadalis MD. 2015. Development of a Conceptual Model and Instrument for Sustaining Successful School Reculturing and Reform Efforts [Doctoral dissertation]. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. 2006. Detainee Case Will Pose Delicate Question for Court. New York Times.:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Al-Gazali 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Shao and Vollrath 2002; Al-Gazali 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shao and Vollrath 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zeng et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin.
ISSN (print)	1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
Scope	Bioengineering Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Biomedical Engineering General Medicine