How to format your references using the Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spiegelhalter DJ. 2014. Statistics. The future lies in uncertainty. Science. 345(6194):264–265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hsiao JC, Fong K. 2004. Making big money from small technology. Nature. 428(6979):218–220.

A journal article with 3 authors

Peñuelas J, Rutishauser T, Filella I. 2009. Ecology. Phenology feedbacks on climate change. Science. 324(5929):887–888.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Volkmann N, Amann KJ, Stoilova-McPhie S, Egile C, Winter DC, Hazelwood L, Heuser JE, Li R, Pollard TD, Hanein D. 2001. Structure of Arp2/3 complex in its activated state and in actin filament branch junctions. Science. 293(5539):2456–2459.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hurst K. 2008. Primary Care Trust Workforce Planning and Development. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Whurr Publishers Ltd.

An edited book

Bons PDD, Koehn D, Jessell MW, editors. 2008. Microdynamics Simulation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Balcar E, Lovesey SW. 2009. Orthogonality Relations for 3jm-Symbols. In: Lovesey SW, editor. Introduction to the Graphical Theory of Angular Momentum: Case Studies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; p. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Davis J. 2016. “Rivers In The Sky” Could Cause Some Species To Go Extinct. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/rivers-in-the-sky-could-cause-some-species-to-go-extinct/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. School Dropouts: Survey of Local Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanchez Y. 2012. Effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy for Latino families: A secondary analysis of existing data [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alvarez L. 2017. Pandemonium Followed Rumor of Second Airport Attacker. New York Times.:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spiegelhalter 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hsiao and Fong 2004; Spiegelhalter 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hsiao and Fong 2004)
Three or more authors: (Volkmann et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin.
ISSN (print)	1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
Scope	Bioengineering Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Biomedical Engineering General Medicine