How to format your references using the Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McKeon BJ (2010) Applied physics. Controlling turbulence. Science 327:1462–1463

A journal article with 2 authors

Harper GR Jr, Pfennig DW (2008) Selection overrides gene flow to break down maladaptive mimicry. Nature 451:1103–1106

A journal article with 3 authors

Deán-Ben XL, Bay E, Razansky D (2014) Functional optoacoustic imaging of moving objects using microsecond-delay acquisition of multispectral three-dimensional tomographic data. Sci Rep 4:5878

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Perrin MD, Graham JR, Kalas P, et al (2004) Laser guide star adaptive optics imaging polarimetry of Herbig Ae/Be stars. Science 303:1345–1348

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva LS, Simões R, Gervásio H, Couchman G (2015) Design of Steel Structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Volpi N (ed) (2011) Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates: From Monosaccharides to Complex Polysaccharides. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

A chapter in an edited book

Marková H, Kopecký M, Suchánek R (2016) The Process of Budgeting and Issues of Indebtedness in the Czech Republic. In: Morrison FL (ed) Fiscal Rules - Limits on Governmental Deficits and Debt. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 85–100

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Live Webcast of Supernova. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) NASA: International Space Station and Shuttle Support Cost Limits. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Steinberg J (2015) The Social Construction of Beauty: Body Modification Examined Through the Lens of Social Learning Theory. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG (2012) DC Comics Unveils New Power Couple. New York Times C2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McKeon 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Harper and Pfennig 2008; McKeon 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Harper and Pfennig 2008)
Three or more authors: (Perrin et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling
Abbreviation	Complex Adapt. Syst. Model.
ISSN (online)	2194-3206
Scope