How to format your references using the Complementary Therapies in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Complementary Therapies in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lucht RP. Chemistry. Femtosecond lasers for molecular measurements. Science. 2007;316(5822):207-208.

A journal article with 2 authors

DePaolo DJ, Manga M. Geology. Deep origin of hotspots--the mantle plume model. Science. 2003;300(5621):920-921.

A journal article with 3 authors

Williams JR, Dicarlo L, Marcus CM. Quantum Hall effect in a gate-controlled p-n junction of graphene. Science. 2007;317(5838):638-641.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kishimoto T, Ando J, Tatara S, et al. Alloparenting for chimpanzee twins. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6306.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Woolf V. The Years. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Wellstead P, Cloutier M, eds. Systems Biology of Parkinson’s Disease. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuznyetsov V. Problem of Pops Management in Ukraine: the Lack of Interdepartmental Cooperation and Public Involvement. In: Mehmetli E, Koumanova B, eds. The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer Netherlands; 2008:51-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Complementary Therapies in Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. New Laser Technology Detects Brain Tumors During Surgery. IFLScience. August 27, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-laser-technology-detects-brain-tumors-during-surgery/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Federal Agencies Continue to Invest in Smart Card Technology. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williamson CL. Hispanic Female Undergraduates Perception of Nursing as a Career Choice: A Phenomenological Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M, Lehren AW. Modified Training for Children Stirs New Debates. New York Times. September 11, 2014:B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Abbreviation	Complement. Ther. Med.
ISSN (print)	0965-2299
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing Complementary and Manual Therapy