How to format your references using the Complementary Therapies in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Complementary Therapies in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. Concerns over nuclear energy are legitimate. Nature. 2011;471(7340):549.

A journal article with 2 authors

Win MN, Smolke CD. Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices. Science. 2008;322(5900):456-460.

A journal article with 3 authors

Causier B, Kieffer M, Davies B. Plant biology. MADS-box genes reach maturity. Science. 2002;296(5566):275-276.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Brady SM, Orlando DA, Lee JY, et al. A high-resolution root spatiotemporal map reveals dominant expression patterns. Science. 2007;318(5851):801-806.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Firth-Cozens J, Harrison J. How to Survive in Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Jakimovski A. Walsh Equiconvergence of Complex Interpolating Polynomials. (Sharma A, Szabados J, eds.). Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Gunawardena M, Petraki E. Critical Thinking Skills in the EAP Classroom. In: Liyanage I, Walker T, eds. English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in Asia: Negotiating Appropriate Practices in a Global Context. SensePublishers; 2014:65-77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Complementary Therapies in Medicine.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. This New Planet Formation Theory Could Explain The Weird TRAPPIST-1 System. IFLScience. June 8, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/this-new-planet-formation-theory-could-explain-the-weird-trappist1-system/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Issues Regarding Federal Assistance for Enhancing Air Service to Small Communities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ko TCT. The ALISA Delta(CRC) Classifier for Natural Surfaces: Viewpoint-Invariant and Illumination-Invariant Classification of Natural Surfaces Using General-Purpose Color and Texture Features with the ALISA Delta(CRC) Classifier. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Weiser B, Protess B. New Chief for U.S. Crime Division. New York Times. October 18, 2016:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Abbreviation	Complement. Ther. Med.
ISSN (print)	0965-2299
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing Complementary and Manual Therapy