How to format your references using the Complementary Therapies in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Complementary Therapies in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Howard AW. Observed properties of extrasolar planets. Science. 2013;340(6132):572-576.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jan YN, Jan L. Retrospective: Seymour Benzer (1921-2007). Science. 2008;319(5859):45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fiser J, Chiu C, Weliky M. Small modulation of ongoing cortical dynamics by sensory input during natural vision. Nature. 2004;431(7008):573-578.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jin S, Li Y, Pan R, Zou X. Characterizing and controlling the inflammatory network during influenza A virus infection. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3799.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

E. Sutherland P. Principles of Electrical Safety. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Baldassarre G, Mirolli M, eds. Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Collignon TP, van Gijzen MB. Parallel Scientific Computing on Loosely Coupled Networks of Computers. In: Koren B, Vuik K, eds. Advanced Computational Methods in Science and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering. Springer; 2010:79-106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Complementary Therapies in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Pod Of Orcas Caught With An Enormous Eyeball. IFLScience. Published August 22, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pod-orcas-caught-giant-eyeball/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Transportation: NASA Has No Firm Need for Increasingly Costly Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Randall MH. Information Technology Certification Programs and Perceptions of Attitude and Need by High School Principals, Information Technology Teachers, and Information Technology Professionals in Ohio. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Astros Even It Up in Home Run Derby. New York Times. October 26, 2017:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Abbreviation	Complement. Ther. Med.
ISSN (print)	0965-2299
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing Complementary and Manual Therapy