How to format your references using the Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, David. 2009. “Climate Future.” Nature 459 (7247): 628.

A journal article with 2 authors

Costa, Silvia, and Peter Shaw. 2006. “Chromatin Organization and Cell Fate Switch Respond to Positional Information in Arabidopsis.” Nature 439 (7075): 493–496.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hess, Kenneth L., Courtney J. Corda, and Kristina M. Lanese. 2011. “SPORE Series Winner. Science Buddies: Advancing Informal Science Education.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 332 (6029): 550–551.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ranjani, Velayudhan, Stefan Janeček, Kian Piaw Chai, Shafinaz Shahir, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman, Kok-Gan Chan, and Kian Mau Goh. 2014. “Protein Engineering of Selected Residues from Conserved Sequence Regions of a Novel Anoxybacillus α-Amylase.” Scientific Reports 4 (July): 5850.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2014. Trayed and Packed Columns. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hosseini, Kaveh. 2011. Minimizing Spurious Tones in Digital Delta-Sigma Modulators. Edited by Michael Peter Kennedy. 1st ed. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pollet, Bruno G., Iain Staffell, and Kerry-Ann Adamson. 2016. “Energy Generation and Usage in South Africa.” In The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa, edited by Iain Staffell and Kerry-Ann Adamson, 17–19. SpringerBriefs in Energy. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2017. “What’s The Truth Behind This ‘13-Pound Monster Frog’ Photo?” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/whats-the-truth-behind-this-13pound-monster-frog-photo/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Its Ability to Monitor and Determine the Extent of Competition in Dedicated Access Services. GAO-07-80. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jackson, Margaret A. 2015. “An Action Research Study of Collaborative Relationhips between Psychotherapists and Medical Doctors.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, James. 2017. “The Call of the Wild.” New York Times, October 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Goldston 2009; Costa and Shaw 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Costa and Shaw 2006)
Three authors: (Hess, Corda, and Lanese 2011)
4 or more authors: (Ranjani et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education
Abbreviation	Compare
ISSN (print)	0305-7925
ISSN (online)	1469-3623
Scope	Education