How to format your references using the Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buckingham, Susan. 2010. “Call in the Women.” Nature 468 (7323): 502.

A journal article with 2 authors

Südhof, Thomas C., and James E. Rothman. 2009. “Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 (5913): 474–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

D’Orazio, Daniel J., Zoltán Haiman, and David Schiminovich. 2015. “Relativistic Boost as the Cause of Periodicity in a Massive Black-Hole Binary Candidate.” Nature 525 (7569): 351–353.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bodin, Karl, Stephan Ellmerich, Melvyn C. Kahan, Glenys A. Tennent, Andrzej Loesch, Janet A. Gilbertson, Winston L. Hutchinson, et al. 2010. “Antibodies to Human Serum Amyloid P Component Eliminate Visceral Amyloid Deposits.” Nature 468 (7320): 93–97.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Minoli, Daniel. 2005. Nanotechnology Applications to Telecommunications and Networking. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lee, Der-Tsai, Danny Z. Chen, and Shi Ying, eds. 2010. Frontiers in Algorithmics: 4th International Workshop, FAW 2010, Wuhan, China, August 11-13, 2010. Proceedings. Vol. 6213. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vordermeier, Martin, Gareth J. Jones, Samantha Sampson, and Stephen V. Gordon. 2013. “Post-Genomic Antigen Discovery: Bioinformatical Approaches to Reveal Novel T Cell Antigens of Mycobacterium Bovis.” In Immunomic Discovery of Adjuvants and Candidate Subunit Vaccines, edited by Darren R. Flower and Yvonne Perrie, 73–90. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Sorry David Attenborough, We Didn’t Evolve From Aquatic Apes’ – Here’s Why.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sorry-david-attenborough-we-didnt-evolve-from-aquatic-apes-heres-why/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. Pipeline Safety: Better Data and Guidance Could Improve Operators’ Responses to Incidents. GAO-13-284T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren, Kathryn Lloyd. 2014. “Agents of Change: A New Role for Learners in Online Workplace Training.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben. 2017. “Hot for a Dairy Queen Sign.” New York Times, August 31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buckingham 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Buckingham 2010; Südhof and Rothman 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Südhof and Rothman 2009)
Three authors: (D’Orazio, Haiman, and Schiminovich 2015)
4 or more authors: (Bodin et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education
Abbreviation	Compare
ISSN (print)	0305-7925
ISSN (online)	1469-3623
Scope	Education