How to format your references using the Comparative Population Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Population Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul 2002: Science and Technology Networks in Scandinavia. In: Nature 420,6916 Suppl: A1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grandi, Paola; Palumbo, Giorgio G.C. 2004: Jet and Accretion-Disk Emission Untangled in 3C 273. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 306,5698: 998–1002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sakuda, Atsushi; Hayashi, Akitoshi; Tatsumisago, Masahiro 2013: Sulfide Solid Electrolyte with Favorable Mechanical Property for All-Solid-State Lithium Battery. In: Scientific Reports 3: 2261.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lainey, Valéry et al. 2009: Strong Tidal Dissipation in Io and Jupiter from Astrometric Observations. In: Nature 459,7249: 957–959.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hochstadt, Harry 1988: Integral Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Graziottin, Alessandra 2011: Clinical Management of Vulvodynia: Tips and Tricks. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, Jing Yao; Ohsaki, Makoto 2015: Force Density Method. In: Ohsaki, Makoto (Ed.): Tensegrity Structures: Form, Stability, and Symmetry, Mathematics for Industry. Tokyo: Springer Japan: 137–170.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Population Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise 2015: Being Obese Could Lower Dementia Risk, But Being Underweight Could Increase Risk. IFLScience. IFLScience. [https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/being-obese-could-lower-dementia-risk-being-underweight-could-increase-risk/, 30.10.2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2011: USDA Systems Modernization: Management and Oversight Improvements Are Needed. GAO-11-586. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hensley, Alan L. 2009: Gender, Personality, and Coping: Unraveling Gender in Military Post -Deployment Physical and Mental Wellness. Doctoral Dissertation. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Christopher 2012: Austin Brothers Fill Idiosyncratic Niche at Sundance. In: New York Times 22.1.2012: A27B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Grandi/Palumbo 2004; Smaglik 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grandi/Palumbo 2004)
Three or more authors: (Lainey et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Population Studies
ISSN (print)	1869-8980
ISSN (online)	1869-8999
Scope