How to format your references using the Comparative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shelach G. 2012. Anthropology. On the invention of pottery. Science 336:1644–1645.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaufman MT, Churchland AK. 2013. Cognitive neuroscience: sensory noise drives bad decisions. Nature 496:172–173.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rawson FJ, Downard AJ, Baronian KH. 2014. Electrochemical detection of intracellular and cell membrane redox systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 4:5216.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Dokkum P van, Danieli S, Cohen Y, Merritt A, Romanowsky AJ, Abraham R, Brodie J, Conroy C, Lokhorst D, Mowla L, et al. 2018. A galaxy lacking dark matter. Nature 555:629–632.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanzo L, Liew TH, Yeap BL. 2005. Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gardoni P, LaFave JM, editors. 2016. Multi-hazard Approaches to Civil Infrastructure Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Brucker AD, Feliachi A, Nemouchi Y, Wolff B. 2013. Test Program Generation for a Microprocessor, p 76–95. In: Veanes M, Viganò L, editors. Tests and Proofs: 7th International Conference, TAP 2013, Budapest, Hungary, June 16-20, 2013 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. We’re Calling It, The 2015 El Niño Is Here. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. Aircraft Noise At Memphis International Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barkley WC. 2008. Mars rover - Laser focusing and optimization, Doctoral dissertation. La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. 2001. An Old-Fashioned Leather Bar Looks for a Good Home. New York Times :146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^3,4.
This sentence cites four references ^4,6,7,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Medicine
Abbreviation	Comp. Med.
ISSN (print)	1532-0820
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary