How to format your references using the Comparative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes D. 2015. A disease of growth. Nature 521:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Errington JR, Debenedetti PG. 2001. Relationship between structural order and the anomalies of liquid water. Nature 409:318–321.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharma B, Mandani S, Sarma TK. 2013. Biogenic growth of alloys and core-shell nanostructures using urease as a nanoreactor at ambient conditions. Sci Rep 3:2601.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Rink JC, Gurley KA, Elliott SA, Sánchez Alvarado A. 2009. Planarian Hh signaling regulates regeneration polarity and links Hh pathway evolution to cilia. Science 326:1406–1410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lehto J, Hou X. 2010. Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Cui B, Zhang N, Xu J, Lian X, Liu D, editors. 2016. Web-Age Information Management: 17th International Conference, WAIM 2016, Nanchang, China, June 3-5, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Singh H, Pongubala JMR, Medina KL. 2007. Gene Regulatory Networks that Orchestrate the Development of B Lymphocyte Precursors, p 57–62. In: Gupta S, Alt F, Cooper M, Melchers F, Rajewsky K, editors. Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI: B Cell Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2016. The Top 5 Most Terrifyingly Gruesome Sex Acts in the Animal Kingdom. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Aviation Safety: FAA Needs to More Aggressively Manage Its Inspection Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Singh KK. 2015. An 8-PSK receiver using LNA & SRO: Design and mathematical analysis, Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. 2017. Migos Tops Chart With ‘Culture.’ New York Times :C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^3,4.
This sentence cites four references ^3,4,7,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Medicine
Abbreviation	Comp. Med.
ISSN (print)	1532-0820
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary