How to format your references using the Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wagner PJ. EVOLUTION. One era you are in—the next you are out. Science. 350(6262), 736–737 (2015).

A journal article with 2 authors

Cuthbertson JD, MacMillan DWC. The direct arylation of allylic sp(3) C-H bonds via organic and photoredox catalysis. Nature. 519(7541), 74–77 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

Girvetz EH, Jaeger JAG, Thorne JH. Comment on “Roadless space of the conterminous United States.” Science. 318(5854), 1240; author reply 1240 (2007).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jin P, Kang Z, Zhang N, Du G, Chen J. High-yield novel leech hyaluronidase to expedite the preparation of specific hyaluronan oligomers. Sci. Rep. 4, 4471 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Möller R, Pöter H, Schwarze K. Planen und Bauen mit Trapezprofilen und Sandwichelementen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

da Poian AT. Integrative Human Biochemistry: A Textbook for Medical Biochemistry. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Gardner P, Sturgeon H, Jones L, Surlin S. Body Editing: Dance Biofeedback Experiments in Apperception. In: Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Platforms and Techniques: 18th International Conference, HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17-22, 2016. Proceedings, Part II. Kurosu M (Ed.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 49–60 (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Fang J. Nectar Or Pollen? Bumblebees Pick Their Cargo Based On How Windy It Is [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nectar-or-pollen-bumblebees-pick-their-cargo-based-how-windy-it/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Dropouts: Survey of Local Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Restrepo E. Eventalizing blackness in Colombia. (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. At Museum Shops, Unusual Selections. New York Times, 14LI12 (2005).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1758-194X
ISSN (online)	1758-1958
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology