How to format your references using the Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Overbaugh J. 24/7 isn’t the only way: A healthy work-life balance can enhance research. Nature. 477(7362), 27–28 (2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

Mandelli D, Tosatti E. Nanophysics: Microscopic friction emulators. Nature. 526(7573), 332–333 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

Turner AH, Makovicky PJ, Norell MA. Feather quill knobs in the dinosaur Velociraptor. Science. 317(5845), 1721 (2007).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Barra A, Contucci P, Sandell R, Vernia C. An analysis of a large dataset on immigrant integration in Spain. The statistical mechanics perspective on social action. Sci. Rep. 4, 4174 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heller D. Hairspray. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Lindhorst TK, Oscarson S, editors. Glycoscience and Microbial Adhesion. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bertucci C, Duru F, Edberg N, et al. The Induced Magnetospheres of Mars, Venus, and Titan. In: The Plasma Environment of Venus, Mars, and Titan. Szego K (Ed.), Springer US, New York, NY, 113–171 (2012).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Black Slaves Were Routinely Sold As ‘Specimens’ To Ambitious White Doctors [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-black-slaves-were-routinely-sold-specimens-ambitious-white-doctors/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Responses of Federal Agencies and Airports We Surveyed About Access Security Improvements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stroud M. Solar desalination in the southwest United States: A thermoeconomic analysis utilizing the sun to desalt water in high irradiance regions. (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. One Drugstore Too Many, One Grocery Too Few? New York Times, 145 (2000).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1758-194X
ISSN (online)	1758-1958
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology