How to format your references using the CoDesign citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for CoDesign. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grant, P. M. 2000. “Superconductivity. Currents without Borders.” Nature 407 (6801): 139–141.

A journal article with 2 authors

Türkmen, Yunus E., and Varinder K. Aggarwal. 2014. “A Simpler Route for Making Nitrogen-Alkene Rings. [Corrected].” Science (New York, N.Y.) 343 (6166): 33–34.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xin, Hongbao, Qingyuan Liu, and Baojun Li. 2014. “Non-Contact Fiber-Optical Trapping of Motile Bacteria: Dynamics Observation and Energy Estimation.” Scientific Reports 4 (October): 6576.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Carol, Rachel J., Seiji Takeda, Paul Linstead, Marcus C. Durrant, Hana Kakesova, Paul Derbyshire, Sinéad Drea, Viktor Zarsky, and Liam Dolan. 2005. “A RhoGDP Dissociation Inhibitor Spatially Regulates Growth in Root Hair Cells.” Nature 438 (7070): 1013–1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dimond, Bridgit C. 2008. Legal Aspects of Radiography and Radiology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.

An edited book

Fischer, Johannes, and Peter Sanders, eds. 2013. Combinatorial Pattern Matching: 24th Annual Symposium, CPM 2013, Bad Herrenalb, Germany, June 17-19, 2013. Proceedings. Vol. 7922. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Casu, Barbara, and Andrew Gall. 2016. “Financial Structure of the Building Society Sector.” In Building Societies in the Financial Services Industry, edited by Andrew Gall, 61–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for CoDesign.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. “Help Kickstart More Science On The Most Mysterious Star In The Galaxy.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/help-kickstart-more-science-on-the-most-mysterious-star-in-the-galaxy/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2017. Air Ambulance: Data Collection and Transparency Needed to Enhance DOT Oversight. GAO-17-637. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaPoint, Jeffrey L. 2008. “The Effects of Aviation -Based Error Management Training on Perioperative Safety Attitudes.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, John. 2017. “(Early) Spring Reading.” New York Times, March 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grant 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Grant 2000; Türkmen and Aggarwal 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Türkmen and Aggarwal 2014)
Three authors: (Xin, Liu, and Li 2014)
4 or more authors: (Carol et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	CoDesign
Abbreviation	CoDesign
ISSN (print)	1571-0882
ISSN (online)	1745-3755
Scope	Visual Arts and Performing Arts Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Architecture