How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

McCabe H. Galileo set for suicide flight. Nature 2000;406:8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Balazs AC, Epstein IR. Chemistry. Emergent or just complex? Science 2009;325:1632–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Xi Z, Khoo CCH, Dobson SL. Wolbachia establishment and invasion in an Aedes aegypti laboratory population. Science 2005;310:326–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Grine FE, Bailey RM, Harvati K, Nathan RP, Morris AG, Henderson GM, et al. Late Pleistocene human skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and modern human origins. Science 2007;315:226–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pande A, Wolshon B. Traffic Engineering Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Cheng P-J, Kan M-Y, Lam W, Nakov P, editors. Information Retrieval Technology: 6th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference, AIRS 2010, Taipei, Taiwan, December 1-3, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 6458. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Martín-Alcalde E, Saurí S, Ng AKY. Port-Focal Logistics and the Evolution of Port Regions in a Globalized World. In: Lee PT-W, Cullinane K, editors. Dynamic Shipping and Port Development in the Globalized Economy: Volume 2: Emerging Trends in Ports, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016, p. 102–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Vegetarian Birds Turn Carnivorous. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vegetarian-birds-turn-carnivorous/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway User Fees: Updated Data Needed to Determine Whether All Users Pay Their Fair Share. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Claar PL. A Correlational Study Comparing the Relationship between School Leader Intercultural Development, Selected Demographic Variables, and Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kenigsberg B. The Revolution Will Be Filmed. New York Times 2017:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	2210-7401
Scope	Gastroenterology