How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Clauset A. Journal club. A theoretician ponders what physics has to offer ecology. Nature 2010;465:139.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Padhi A, Ma L. Genetic and epidemiological insights into the emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) across Asia and Africa. Sci Rep 2014;4:7040.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Pichersky E, Noel JP, Dudareva N. Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature’s diversity and ingenuity. Science 2006;311:808–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Glover JD, Reganold JP, Bell LW, Borevitz J, Brummer EC, Buckler ES, et al. Agriculture. Increased food and ecosystem security via perennial grains. Science 2010;328:1638–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Holloway M, Nwaoha C. Dictionary of Industrial Terms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Yashin AI. Biodemography of Aging: Determinants of Healthy Life Span and Longevity. vol. 40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Angelini P, Da Lozzo G, Di Battista G, Frati F. Strip Planarity Testing. In: Wismath S, Wolff A, editors. Graph Drawing: 21st International Symposium, GD 2013, Bordeaux, France, September 23-25, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013, p. 37–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Academics Need To Embrace New Ways Of Writing And Sharing Research. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/academics-need-embrace-new-ways-writing-and-sharing-research/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Alternatives for the Bureau of Indian Affairs Public School Financial Assistance Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kantar L. Clinical judgment among new nursing graduates: A multiple-case study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shpigel B. Steelers Prevail With Six Field Goals and One Relentless Running Back. New York Times 2017:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	2210-7401
Scope	Gastroenterology