How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kirchner JW. Evolutionary speed limits inferred from the fossil record. Nature 2002;415:65–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Richmond TJ, Davey CA. The structure of DNA in the nucleosome core. Nature 2003;423:145–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

De Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Tumlinson JH. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females. Nature 2001;410:577–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Leker RR, Soldner F, Hoeppner DJ, Ravin R, Poser SW, et al. Notch signalling regulates stem cell numbers in vitro and in vivo. Nature 2006;442:823–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hitchner JR. Financial Valuation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Chattot JJ. Theoretical and Applied Aerodynamics: and Related Numerical Methods. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Graziottin A, Murina F. Vulvodinia: che cosa dicono le donne? In: Murina F, editor. Vulvodinia: Strategie di diagnosi e cura, Milano: Springer; 2011, p. 29–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Getting Enraged By Specific Noises Has A Genuine Neurological Basis. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/getting-enraged-by-specific-noises-has-a-genuine-neurological-basis/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. B-2 Bomber: Initial Flight Tests. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

White AE. Female ministers in pastoral leadership: A phenomenological study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Otis J. Young Mother Sees Education as a Path to Help Her Daughter. New York Times 2016:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	2210-7401
Scope	Gastroenterology