How to format your references using the Clinical Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Rheumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gong JP (2014) Materials science. Materials both tough and soft. Science 344:161–162

A journal article with 2 authors

Prasad A, Pospíšil P (2013) Towards the two-dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from microbial, plant and animal cells. Sci Rep 3:1211

A journal article with 3 authors

Kiessling W, Simpson C, Foote M (2010) Reefs as cradles of evolution and sources of biodiversity in the Phanerozoic. Science 327:196–198

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Squartini T, Picciolo F, Ruzzenenti F, Garlaschelli D (2013) Reciprocity of weighted networks. Sci Rep 3:2729

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alacoque JC (2012) Direct Eigen Control for Induction Machines and Synchronous Motors. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Loriaux L (2014) Endocrine Emergencies: Recognition and Treatment. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

A chapter in an edited book

Zou L, Sun W (2015) Human Urine Proteome: A Powerful Source for Clinical Research. In: Gao Y (ed) Urine Proteomics in Kidney Disease Biomarker Discovery. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 31–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Rheumatology.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) New Footage Shows A Wild Orangutan Using A Saw To Cut A Tree In Half. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-footage-shows-a-wild-orangutan-using-a-saw-to-cut-a-tree-in-half/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Magnet Schools: Information on the Grant Award Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dorin J (2014) Attachment style and perceived stress in college students. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) A Raging Diva, Centuries Before Soap Operas. New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Rheumatology
Abbreviation	Clin. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	0770-3198
ISSN (online)	1434-9949
Scope	General Medicine Rheumatology